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Background: Children who see their parents in prison, they will encounter specific problems. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mentalbehavioral problems in children after imprisonment of one of their parents. Materials and Methods: to investigate mental-behavioral problems of children with incarcerated parents in Semnan province, 107 children (Sixty six boys and 41 girls) of prisoners in Semnan prisons were selected through stratified sampling. Children Symptoms Inventory (CSI-4) was completed by interviewing their other parents who were out of jail. Results: Data analysis showed that the prevalence of all behavioral problems (assessed by CSI-4) in participants of present study were higher than normal population and this difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: As imprisonment of parents results in lack of social support of their children, these children will suffer, more than others, from mentalbehavioral disorders which signify the necessity of investigating the issue and provide replaced social support.

Keywords: Mental-behavioral disorders, Children, Incarcerated parents

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