نشریه علمی پژوهشی طب انتظامی Journal of Police Medicine
Volume 11, Issue 1 (2022)
J Police Med 2022, 11(1) |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Hadad S, Moheb N, Abdi R, Chalbianloo G. The Relation between Resilience, Abnormal Personality Traits and Anger: Testing the Mediating Role of Air Pollution Perception. J Police Med 2022; 11 (1) : e9
URL: http://jpmed.ir/article-1-1045-en.html
URL: http://jpmed.ir/article-1-1045-en.html
1- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences & Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. , moheb.n@yahoo.com
3- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences & Psychology, Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan, Tabriz, Iran
4- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences & Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan, Tabriz, Iran
2- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. , moheb.n@yahoo.com
3- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences & Psychology, Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan, Tabriz, Iran
4- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences & Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan, Tabriz, Iran
English Extended Abstract: (1169 Views)
Background
Some researchers such as Deffenbacher divides anger into two categories of internal and external factors [1]. .... [2].
Previous Studies
Some of the personality factors play an important role in facilitating anger [3]. .... [4-13]. Promoting resilience through instruction of emotional regulation help individuals, with positive emotions and feelings, overcome unpleasant experiences and negative emotions causes such as anger and return to a balanced state [14]. ... [15-19].
Aim(s)
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between resilience, abnormal personality traits and anger with the mediating role of perception of air pollution in students of a military university.
Research Type
The method of the present research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and in the group of non-experimental designs.
Research Society, Place and Time
The statistical population of this study was all students of a military university in Tehran in 2020-21.
Sampling Method and Number
A sample size of 250 people was obtained for this study [15]. Cluster random sampling method was used and statistical samples were selected from students in the fields of traffic operations, traffic engineering and educational planning management.
Used Devices & Materials
Data collection tools in this study were Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale, Abnormal Personality Dimensions Questionnaire, Spielberger's State- Trait of Anger Questionnaire and Air Pollution Perception Questionnaire.
Ethical Permissions
The research was conducted by observing the ethical principles and confidentiality of the questionnaires data and observing the rights of the participants to be able to leave the research at any time they wished.
Finding by Text
The highest frequency of 250 samples was related to the age group of 25 to 35 (44.8%; 112 people). 55.6% of the respondents (139 people) were master students and only 8.8% were PhD students (Table 1). The mean of abnormal personality traits scores in the sample of 250 people was 41.90 with a standard deviation of 14.75, the mean of resilience scores was 85.72 with a standard deviation of 15.15; The mean of perception of air pollution scores was 117.60 with a standard deviation of 18.64 and the mean of anger scores was 90.39 with a standard deviation of 25.47 (Table 2). Since the significance level of the normality test for the three main variables of abnormal personality traits, resilience and anger was less than the error level of 0.05 (p = 0.01), the data distribution of these variables was abnormal. Also, the significance level of perception of air pollution was equal to 0.20 and more than 0.05, which showed that the data distribution of this variable was normal. The extent and direction of the relation between the variables were determined before reaching the model analysis and structural equation modeling. Spearman correlation coefficient was used due to abnormal data distribution (Table 3). Based on the findings, the level of significance between pairwise relations of the variables were less than the error level of 0.05. Therefore, the assumption of relation between research variables were confirmed. After examining the type of data distribution and correlation between variables; conceptual model test was performed by PLS method. Considering the value of t and the standardized factor loadings between the questions and the variables were respectively calculated as more than 1.96 and 0.4, there was no need to delete or change the questionnaire questions (Table 4). Cronbach's alpha coefficient values of all research variables were obtained more than 0.7 and the suitability of reliability with this index was confirmed. Convergent validity was measured by average variance extracted (AVE) and the suitability of convergent validity with this index was confirmed (p <0.05). Divergent validity was also confirmed by Fornell and Larcker method. In the next step, the relationship between latent variables was determined. In order to rely with high reliability on the results of the model and the collected data, evaluation the criteria for examining path coefficients (beta) and its significance (t-value), examining the coefficient of determination index (R²) of endogenous latent variables and examining the predictive correlation index Q² were done. The calculated t-values in all relationships in the model were greater than 1.96 and were significant at the 95% level. Also, R² values for endogenous latent variables were 0.367. Therefore, abnormal personality traits and resilience together predicted 36.7% of the variance (changes) in perception of air pollution. Also, the variables of perception of air pollution, abnormal personality traits and resilience predicted 61.4% of the variance (changes) of anger. Meanwhile, Q² values for model endogenous variables (perception of air pollution) and anger were respectively 0.113 and 0.178, which were considered positive and calculated at an acceptable level (Figure 1). According to the findings (Communalities = 0.423; R² = 0.596) GOF criterion value was calculated to be 0.502, which indicated a strong fit of the overall research model. Therefore, the collected data were able to cover the designed model well and confirm the model with high power. Positive and significant direct effects of abnormal personality traits on anger, perception of air pollution on anger and abnormal personality traits on perception of air pollution with 95% probability were confirmed according to the collected data (p = 0.01; Table 4). The negative and significant effects of resilience on anger and resilience on perception of air pollution were also confirmed (Table 4). Considering that the absolute value of Sobel statistic was calculated as 6.161, 5.940 and more than 1.96 and the significance level of the test was less than the error level of 0.05, the mediation of perception of air pollution in relation to resilience and anger and the mediating effect of perception of air pollution at the 95% confidence level were reaffirmed in the relationship between abnormal personality traits and anger.
Main Comparison to the Similar Studies
Research findings indicated that there were relationships between abnormal personality traits and perception of air pollution. This finding is consistent with the research of Sorkhe et al. [20] and Sass et al. [21]. Sorkheh et al. [20] in a study showed that air pollution is one of the hidden causes of crimes caused by anger. Air pollution increases anxiety, decreases mental capacity, muscle and mental tensions, violence and aggression [21]. The research findings also showed a significant negative relationship between resilience and perception of air pollution; this finding is in line with research of Zaheri, Majnouni and Tutakhaneh [22]. The results have shown that air pollution caused by the power plant has the potential to change the psychological pressure of the villagers. Findings also showed a positive and significant relationship between abnormal personality traits and anger. This finding is consistent with Khasi et al. [23], Faraji et al. [24] and Kolla et al. studies [25]. .... [26]. Findings also showed that there was a significant negative relationship between resilience and anger. This finding is consistent with the researches of Hashemi and Khazaeipour [27], Sadri Damirchi et al. [28], Mohnizadeh Fallahieh and Shoaa Kazemi [29] and Sibdari [30]. Findings indicated a positive and significant relationship between perception of air pollution and anger. This finding is consistent with the research of Nadrian et al. [31], Chen, Oliva and Zhang [32]. The findings also suggested that perception of air pollution played a mediating role in the relationship between abnormal personality traits and anger. These results are consistent with the research of Seyed Hassani [33], Chen, Oliva and Zhang [32], Martino et al. [34]. ... [35, 36]. According to the results of the study, in the relationship between resilience and anger, perception of air pollution played a mediating role. This finding is consistent with the research of Sadri Demirci et al. [28], Rasouli [37], Gladka, Rymasewska and Zatonski [38].
Limitations
Due to the limited tools of this research, the use of observation and interview to achieve more complete results in future research is recommended. Due to the inadequacy of longitudinal studies on the effects and injuries of exposure to air pollution, it is better, in future research, to apply other methods such as comparative study in different environments or observational studies (longitudinal or cross-sectional) in order to accurately evaluate the group as well as to conclude and develop a model.
Suggestions
It is suggested that research studies be conducted in other geographical areas and time periods. Similar research should be done on other high-risk groups that suffer the most from short-term air pollution (such as women of pregnancy ages or the elderly). In order to obtain more complete results and to chart future paths for dealing with the effects of air pollution, the statistics of emotional turmoil, depression and suicide should be considered in areas where the average concentration of pollutants is above the standard and has a high risk, and be compared in a research project.
Conclusions
Resilience and abnormal personality traits affect anger through the mediation of perception of air pollution.
Clinical & Practical Tips in Police Medicine
If military students receive the necessary training to promote resilience, and special criteria for selecting students based on personality traits are adopted and implemented, they will have a greater ability to control anger which will help them carry out their academic and professional duties which are usually under critical circumstances causing anger.
Acknowledgments
The authors of the article would like to thank all the dear participants in the research who helped us in collecting the data.
Conflict of Interest
The authors of the article state that there is no conflict of interest in the present study.
Funding Sources
The present study had no financial support.
Some researchers such as Deffenbacher divides anger into two categories of internal and external factors [1]. .... [2].
Previous Studies
Some of the personality factors play an important role in facilitating anger [3]. .... [4-13]. Promoting resilience through instruction of emotional regulation help individuals, with positive emotions and feelings, overcome unpleasant experiences and negative emotions causes such as anger and return to a balanced state [14]. ... [15-19].
Aim(s)
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between resilience, abnormal personality traits and anger with the mediating role of perception of air pollution in students of a military university.
Research Type
The method of the present research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and in the group of non-experimental designs.
Research Society, Place and Time
The statistical population of this study was all students of a military university in Tehran in 2020-21.
Sampling Method and Number
A sample size of 250 people was obtained for this study [15]. Cluster random sampling method was used and statistical samples were selected from students in the fields of traffic operations, traffic engineering and educational planning management.
Used Devices & Materials
Data collection tools in this study were Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale, Abnormal Personality Dimensions Questionnaire, Spielberger's State- Trait of Anger Questionnaire and Air Pollution Perception Questionnaire.
Ethical Permissions
The research was conducted by observing the ethical principles and confidentiality of the questionnaires data and observing the rights of the participants to be able to leave the research at any time they wished.
Finding by Text
The highest frequency of 250 samples was related to the age group of 25 to 35 (44.8%; 112 people). 55.6% of the respondents (139 people) were master students and only 8.8% were PhD students (Table 1). The mean of abnormal personality traits scores in the sample of 250 people was 41.90 with a standard deviation of 14.75, the mean of resilience scores was 85.72 with a standard deviation of 15.15; The mean of perception of air pollution scores was 117.60 with a standard deviation of 18.64 and the mean of anger scores was 90.39 with a standard deviation of 25.47 (Table 2). Since the significance level of the normality test for the three main variables of abnormal personality traits, resilience and anger was less than the error level of 0.05 (p = 0.01), the data distribution of these variables was abnormal. Also, the significance level of perception of air pollution was equal to 0.20 and more than 0.05, which showed that the data distribution of this variable was normal. The extent and direction of the relation between the variables were determined before reaching the model analysis and structural equation modeling. Spearman correlation coefficient was used due to abnormal data distribution (Table 3). Based on the findings, the level of significance between pairwise relations of the variables were less than the error level of 0.05. Therefore, the assumption of relation between research variables were confirmed. After examining the type of data distribution and correlation between variables; conceptual model test was performed by PLS method. Considering the value of t and the standardized factor loadings between the questions and the variables were respectively calculated as more than 1.96 and 0.4, there was no need to delete or change the questionnaire questions (Table 4). Cronbach's alpha coefficient values of all research variables were obtained more than 0.7 and the suitability of reliability with this index was confirmed. Convergent validity was measured by average variance extracted (AVE) and the suitability of convergent validity with this index was confirmed (p <0.05). Divergent validity was also confirmed by Fornell and Larcker method. In the next step, the relationship between latent variables was determined. In order to rely with high reliability on the results of the model and the collected data, evaluation the criteria for examining path coefficients (beta) and its significance (t-value), examining the coefficient of determination index (R²) of endogenous latent variables and examining the predictive correlation index Q² were done. The calculated t-values in all relationships in the model were greater than 1.96 and were significant at the 95% level. Also, R² values for endogenous latent variables were 0.367. Therefore, abnormal personality traits and resilience together predicted 36.7% of the variance (changes) in perception of air pollution. Also, the variables of perception of air pollution, abnormal personality traits and resilience predicted 61.4% of the variance (changes) of anger. Meanwhile, Q² values for model endogenous variables (perception of air pollution) and anger were respectively 0.113 and 0.178, which were considered positive and calculated at an acceptable level (Figure 1). According to the findings (Communalities = 0.423; R² = 0.596) GOF criterion value was calculated to be 0.502, which indicated a strong fit of the overall research model. Therefore, the collected data were able to cover the designed model well and confirm the model with high power. Positive and significant direct effects of abnormal personality traits on anger, perception of air pollution on anger and abnormal personality traits on perception of air pollution with 95% probability were confirmed according to the collected data (p = 0.01; Table 4). The negative and significant effects of resilience on anger and resilience on perception of air pollution were also confirmed (Table 4). Considering that the absolute value of Sobel statistic was calculated as 6.161, 5.940 and more than 1.96 and the significance level of the test was less than the error level of 0.05, the mediation of perception of air pollution in relation to resilience and anger and the mediating effect of perception of air pollution at the 95% confidence level were reaffirmed in the relationship between abnormal personality traits and anger.
Main Comparison to the Similar Studies
Research findings indicated that there were relationships between abnormal personality traits and perception of air pollution. This finding is consistent with the research of Sorkhe et al. [20] and Sass et al. [21]. Sorkheh et al. [20] in a study showed that air pollution is one of the hidden causes of crimes caused by anger. Air pollution increases anxiety, decreases mental capacity, muscle and mental tensions, violence and aggression [21]. The research findings also showed a significant negative relationship between resilience and perception of air pollution; this finding is in line with research of Zaheri, Majnouni and Tutakhaneh [22]. The results have shown that air pollution caused by the power plant has the potential to change the psychological pressure of the villagers. Findings also showed a positive and significant relationship between abnormal personality traits and anger. This finding is consistent with Khasi et al. [23], Faraji et al. [24] and Kolla et al. studies [25]. .... [26]. Findings also showed that there was a significant negative relationship between resilience and anger. This finding is consistent with the researches of Hashemi and Khazaeipour [27], Sadri Damirchi et al. [28], Mohnizadeh Fallahieh and Shoaa Kazemi [29] and Sibdari [30]. Findings indicated a positive and significant relationship between perception of air pollution and anger. This finding is consistent with the research of Nadrian et al. [31], Chen, Oliva and Zhang [32]. The findings also suggested that perception of air pollution played a mediating role in the relationship between abnormal personality traits and anger. These results are consistent with the research of Seyed Hassani [33], Chen, Oliva and Zhang [32], Martino et al. [34]. ... [35, 36]. According to the results of the study, in the relationship between resilience and anger, perception of air pollution played a mediating role. This finding is consistent with the research of Sadri Demirci et al. [28], Rasouli [37], Gladka, Rymasewska and Zatonski [38].
Limitations
Due to the limited tools of this research, the use of observation and interview to achieve more complete results in future research is recommended. Due to the inadequacy of longitudinal studies on the effects and injuries of exposure to air pollution, it is better, in future research, to apply other methods such as comparative study in different environments or observational studies (longitudinal or cross-sectional) in order to accurately evaluate the group as well as to conclude and develop a model.
Suggestions
It is suggested that research studies be conducted in other geographical areas and time periods. Similar research should be done on other high-risk groups that suffer the most from short-term air pollution (such as women of pregnancy ages or the elderly). In order to obtain more complete results and to chart future paths for dealing with the effects of air pollution, the statistics of emotional turmoil, depression and suicide should be considered in areas where the average concentration of pollutants is above the standard and has a high risk, and be compared in a research project.
Conclusions
Resilience and abnormal personality traits affect anger through the mediation of perception of air pollution.
Clinical & Practical Tips in Police Medicine
If military students receive the necessary training to promote resilience, and special criteria for selecting students based on personality traits are adopted and implemented, they will have a greater ability to control anger which will help them carry out their academic and professional duties which are usually under critical circumstances causing anger.
Acknowledgments
The authors of the article would like to thank all the dear participants in the research who helped us in collecting the data.
Conflict of Interest
The authors of the article state that there is no conflict of interest in the present study.
Funding Sources
The present study had no financial support.
Table 1) Frequency distribution of respondents' demographic information
| Indicator | frequency | Frequency percentage | |
| Age | 19 to 24 years | 91 | 36.4 |
| 25 to 35 years | 112 | 44.8 | |
| 36 to 45 years | 47 | 18.8 | |
| education | Bachelor | 89 | 35.6 |
| master | 139 | 55.6 | |
| P.H.D | 22 | 8.8 | |
| knowing about air pollution | Allergies | 23 | 9.2 |
| Friends | 43 | 17.2 | |
| media | 102 | 40.8 | |
| Internet and so on | 82 | 32.8 | |
| vehicles | personal car | 48 | 19.2 |
| Bus | 27 | 10.8 | |
| Subway | 79 | 31.6 | |
| Taxi | 68 | 27.2 | |
| Other | 28 | 11.2 | |
| Total | 250 | 100 | |
Table 2) Descriptive indicators of research variables
| Variables | M ± SD | The lowest | The most |
| Opposition | 9.47±3.74 | 5.00 | 20.00 |
| Psychopathy | 8.43±3.43 | 5.00 | 17.00 |
| Inhibition of rupture | 6.79±2.99 | 5.00 | 18.00 |
| Negative emotions | 8.60±3.69 | 5.00 | 18.00 |
| faulting | 8.59±3.82 | 5.00 | 20.00 |
| Abnormal personality traits | 41.90±14.75 | 25.00 | 87.00 |
| Positive acceptance of emotions | 16.67±3.29 | 6.00 | 25.00 |
| Spirituality | 6.64±1.77 | 2.00 | 10.00 |
| Trust in personal instincts | 25.72±5.26 | 7.00 | 35.00 |
| Competence | 25.50±6.83 | 8.00 | 4.00 |
| Inhibition | 11.18±2.16 | 4.00 | 15.00 |
| Resilience | 85.72±15.15 | 43.00 | 125.00 |
| Clean air compounds | 24.70±5.07 | 12.00 | 36.00 |
| Ideas about air pollution | 15.31±3.08 | 7.00 | 21.0 |
| Effects of air pollution on health | 18.11±3.77 | 9.00 | 27.00 |
| acidic rain | 11.78±2.21 | 6.00 | 18.00 |
| Exposure to pollution | 24.83±5.25 | 12.00 | 36.00 |
| Feeling and perception | 22.84±4.81 | 11.00 | 33.00 |
| Perception of air pollution | 117.60±18.46 | 59.00 | 161.00 |
| Anger Mode | 23.30±8.76 | 15.00 | 47.00 |
| Anger Adjective | 14.84±5.17 | 10.00 | 32.00 |
| External anger control | 13.46±5.46 | 8.00 | 32.00 |
| The onset of anger | 14.51±5.30 | 8.00 | 32.00 |
| Control inner anger | 25.26±9.54 | 16.00 | 56.00 |
| Anger | 90.39±25.47 | 57.00 | 166.00 |
Table 3) Correlation coefficients between variables
| Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| The amount of correlation | Abnormal personality traits | 1.000 | - | - | - |
| Resilience | 0.53 | 1.000 | - | - | |
| Perception of air pollution | 0.50 | -0.40 | 1.000 | - | |
| Anger | 0.64 | -0.60 | 0.63 | 1.000 | |
p <0.01
Table 4) Results related to the significance of the relation between variables
Figure 1) Final model with standardized factor load coefficients and path coefficients (evaluation of measurement models)
Table 4) Results related to the significance of the relation between variables
| path: Independent variable( Dependent variable | T value | p | |
| Abnormal personality traits (perception of air pollution | 0.324 | 4.781 | 0.01 |
| Resilience (anger | -0.222 | 2.960 | 0.003 |
| Abnormal personality traits (anger | 0.323 | 4.418 | 0.01 |
| Resilience | -0.162 | 2.674 | 0.008 |
| perception of air pollution(anger | 0.266 | 5.558 | 0.01 |
Figure 1) Final model with standardized factor load coefficients and path coefficients (evaluation of measurement models)
Article number: e9
Article Type: Original Research |
Subject:
Police Related Psychology
Received: 2021/08/26 | Accepted: 2021/11/8 | Published: 2022/01/1
Received: 2021/08/26 | Accepted: 2021/11/8 | Published: 2022/01/1
Extended Abstract [HTM 84 KB] (30 Download)
References
1. Dehghan N, Moghadar A. A three-step manner of anger management for managers. J Human Resour Manag. 2012;1(3):71-88. [Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/240646/
2. Kinard J, Johnson J. Criminogenic risk assessments: What are they and what do they mean for your client? Voice For The Defense Online. Octo;2014: Available at: http://www.voiceforthedefenseonline.com/print/2012. Accessed 2018/01/21.
3. Etemadi Z, Kazemi S, Hashemi T, Machinchi Abbasi N. The role of personality traits in anger and aggression. J Contemp Psychol. 2015;10(1):104-7. [Persian]. https://www.sid.ir/fa/seminar/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=20611
4. Sarafino E. Health Psychology. 3th ed. Tehran: Roshd; 2019. 912p. https://www.adinehbook.com/gp/product/9647537107
5. Jones SE, Miller JD, Lynam DR . Personality, antisocial behavior, and aggression: A meta-analytic review. J Crim Justice. 2011;39(4):329-37. [DOI:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2011.03.004]
6. Gudjonsson GH, Sigurdsson JF. Motivation for offending and personality.A study among young offenders on probation. Personal Individ Differ. 2007;42(7):1243-53. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.003]
7. Khademi A .New approaches in psychology of criminal Behaviors. 1th ed Tehran: Elm; 2010. 320p. https://www.adinehbook.com/gp/product/9642242597
8. Zahedi Abqari F,Akouchkian M. The effect of environmental factors and immune deficiency in the etiology of autistic behavior. Razi J Med Sci. 2017;23(153):26-34. [Persian]. https://www.sid.ir/en/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=544641
9. Shelton J, Hertz-Picioto I, Pesah I .Tiping the balance of autism risk: potential mechanisms linking pesticides and autism. Environ Health Perspect. 2012;120(7):944-51. [DOI:10.1289/ehp.1104553] [PMID] [PMCID]
10. Herbert MR. Contributions of the environment and environmentaly vulnerable physiology to autism spectrum disorders. Cur Opin Neurol. 2010;23(2):103-10. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0b013e328336a01f. [DOI:10.1097/WCO.0b013e328336a01f] [PMID]
11. Kazemnejad A, Moussavi GH, Samadi S, Gholami M, Salari M, Hamta A. Preventing methods of air pollution harmful effects on police officers: A systematic review study. J Police Med. 2015;4(2):77-86. [Persian]. http://dx.doi.org/10.30505/4.2.77
12. Mehraban R, Livarjani S. Evaluation of the effectiveness of emotion regulation group training based on grass techniques on resilience, reactive aggression and emotional intelligence in first year high school students affiliated to Tabriz Quran Kindergarten. JMS. 2018;10(39):83-119. [Persian]. http://jwsf.iaut.ac.ir/article_665429.html
13. Sadeghi S, Fathi A, Sharifi S. Developing a structural model of the role of social health on high-risk behaviors of young people: The mediating role of resilience. Sci Quart Rahvar. 2021;9(35):115-40. [Persian]. http://talar.jrl.police.ir/article_95473_13011.html?lang=en
14. Mulki JP, Jaramillo F, Pesquera MR, Goad E. Regulation of emotions, interpersonal conflict, and job performance for salespeople. JBR. 2015;68( 3):623-30.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.08.009 [DOI:10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.08.009.]
15. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS .Using multivariate statistics. (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. 2013.
16. Mohammadi M, Jazayeri A, Poor Shahbaz A, Rafiei A, Jokar B. Evaluation of resilience factors in people at risk of drug abuse. J New Psychol Res. 2006;1(2):203-24. [Persian]. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=57747
17. Abdi R, Chalbianloo GR. Adaptation and psychometric characteristic of personality inventory for DSM-5-brief form (PID-5-BFBF).J Modern psychol Res. 2017;12(45):131-54. [Persian]. https://psychologyj.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6557_en.html
18. Khodayari-Fard M, Lavasani M, Liaghat S, Akbari S. Psychomertic properties spielberger's state-trait anger expression inventory-2 among of Iranian students. J rehab. 2010;11(1):47-56. [Persian]. http://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-441-en.html
19. Yazdan parast T, Salehpour S, Seyed Mehdi SM, Masjedi M, Azin A, et al. Knowledge and awareness of students in Tehran about air pollution. Nafas. 2014;1(1):33-43. [Persian]. https://www.sid.ir/fa/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=243257
20. Sorkheh M, Zairi N, Dinavandrad A, Karimi M. Criminological sociological approach to pollution(Case study: Iran air pollution). 2017;1-47.[Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/653389/
21. Sass V, Kravitz-Wirtz N, TakeuchiD, Karceski SM, Hajat A, Crowder K. The effects of air pollution on individual psychological distress. Health Place. 2017;48:72-9. https://doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.09.006 [DOI:10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.09.006] [PMID] [PMCID]
22. Zaheri M, Majnouni-Toutakhane A. Evaluating the mental and emotional effects of Sahand Bonab thermal power plant greenhouse on rural communities, Case study: Rurlas in Bonab. J.Geogr.Sci. 2019;19(53) :75-98. [Persian]. DOI: 10.29252/jgs.19.53.75. [DOI:10.29252/jgs.19.53.75]
23. khasi B, Yousefi F, Taymoori P, Azadi N. Relationship between personality types and excitement with state anger among students at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. Zanko J Med Sci. 2016;17(53):1-8. [Persian]. http://zanko.muk.ac.ir/article-1-128-en.html
24. Faraji F, Sohraby A, Atef Vahid MK, Rezaei F. Studying the personality disorders and clinical signs in aggression attempter in the public places of sanandaj city. Shenakht J Psychol Psychiatr.
25. 2015;1(3):90-102. [Persian]. http://shenakht.muk.ac.ir/article-1-75-en.html
26. Kolla N, Bagby j, Brigmohan A, Jeffrey H. Trait anger, physical aggression, and violent offending in antisocial and borderline personality disorders. J Forensic Sci. 2016;62(1):137-41. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13234. [DOI:10.1111/1556-4029.13234] [PMID]
27. Thomaes S, Bushman BJ, Olthof T, Stegge H. Trumping shame by blasts of noise: narcissism, self-esteem, shame, and aggression in young adolescents. Child Dev. 2008;79(6):1792-801. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01226.x. [DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01226.x] [PMID]
28. Hashemi M, Khazaiipour MN. Investigating the relationship between resilience and self-esteem with aggression in sixth grade male students in Sarbisheh. Natl Conf Prim Edu. 2015;1:902-916. [Persian]. https://www.sid.ir/fa/seminar/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=53923
29. Sadri Demirchi I, Basharpour S, Ramezani Sh, Karimanpour Gh. Effectiveness of resilience training on anger and psychological well-being of impulsive students. J School Psychol. 2018;6(4):120-39. [Persian]. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=578047
30. Mohanizadeh Falahieh S, shoaa kazemi M. Anger management and resilience in delinquent female adolescents of correction and rehabilitation center in Tehran city. Int Conf Psychopathol Culture Edu. 2017;1:1-15. [Persian]. https://www.sid.ir/fa/seminar/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=86483
31. Sibdari S .The effectiveness of resilience training to reduce aggressive behavior of high school girls in the region of 13 in Tehran. [Dissertation]. [Tehran, Iran]: Allameh Tabatabai University; 2010. 186 p. https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir/#/search?basicscope=1&keywords=%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C
32. Nadrian H, Taghdisi M, Nedjat S, Shojaeizadeh D. Impacts of urban traffic and transport on social determinants of health from the perspective of residents and key informants in Sanandaj, Iran: A Qualitative Study. J Edu Community Health. 2018;5(1):49-60. [Persian]. https://doi.org/ 10.21859/jech.5.1.49 [DOI:10.21859/jech.5.1.49]
33. Chen S, Oliva P, Zhang P. Air Pollution and Mental Health: evidence from China. Natl Bureau Econ Res. 2018. DOI 10.3386/w24686 [DOI:10.3386/w24686]
34. Seyed Hassani F. Predicting The prediction of aggression based on mothers' anger and personality traits of teenage girls in the ninth base of Yazd city.j Soc Sci. 2018;12(42): 87-108.[Persian]. http://jss.iau-shoushtar.ac.ir/article_544626.html?lang=en
35. Martino F, Caselli G, Berardi D, Fiore F, Marino E, Menchetti M, et al. Anger rumination and aggressive behaviour in borderline personality disorder. Personal Ment Health. 2015;9(4):277-87. [DOI:10.1002/pmh.1310] [PMID]
36. Costa PT, Mccrae RR. Neo personality inventory-revised (NEO PI-R) Odessa, FL: Psychol Assess Res. 1992. http://www.v-psyche.com/doc/PERSONALITY/NEO%20PI-R.doc.
37. Corr PJ. Reinforcement sensitivity theory and personality. Neuro sci Biobehav Rev. 2004;28(3):317-32. [DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.01.005] [PMID]
38. Rasouli F .The role of anger control training in making adolescence resistant against addiction. J Order Secur Res. 2011;4(2):89-111. [Persian]. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=177761
39. Gladka A, Rymasewska J, Zatonski T .Impact of air pollution on depression and suicide. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2018;31(6):711-21. doi: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01277. [DOI:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01277] [PMID]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |