نشریه علمی پژوهشی طب انتظامی Journal of Police Medicine
Volume 13, Issue 1 (2024)
J Police Med 2024, 13(1) |
Back to browse issues page
Ethics code: 202341801107
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Alizadeh M, Zeinoddini M, Chitsaz Sadeghi A. The Military Utilization of Cognitive Biomarkers: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Methods; A Non-Systematic Review. J Police Med 2024; 13 (1)
URL: http://jpmed.ir/article-1-1282-en.html
URL: http://jpmed.ir/article-1-1282-en.html
1- Research Center of Science and Biotechnology, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2- Research Center of Science and Biotechnology, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran ,zeinoddini@modares.ac.ir
3- Research Center of Science and Biotechnology, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
2- Research Center of Science and Biotechnology, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran ,
3- Research Center of Science and Biotechnology, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
English Extended Abstract: (1086 Views)
Aims: Cognitive biomarkers are indicative of the diagnosis or progression of cognitive disorders. Military personnel can suffer from numerous behavioral disorders that affect their cognitive processes. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the most important effective biomarkers and investigate therapeutic opportunities based on them in order to improve the psychological disorders in question.
Materials and Methods: In the present non-systematic review study, after identifying keywords equivalent to psychological disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, and chronic stress in MeSH among military personnel between 2000 and 2024, articles related to biomarkers involved in the target psychological disorders and their corresponding drug combinations were searched in Scopus, PubMed, Embase, ISI, and Google Scholar databases. Finally, the obtained data were collected and interpreted.
Findings: The data indicated the presence of 56 cognitive biomarkers linked to the aforementioned disorders. These biomarkers encompass a range of indicators such as those associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, steroid hormones, metabolic hormones, immune system, proteomics factors, inflammation factors, serotonin receptors, growth factors, autonomic nervous system, endocrine system, and antioxidants. These biomarkers are the focus of various clinical studies as potential functional biological targets for pharmaceutical compound development.
Conclusion: Psychological disorders can have profound implications on the well-being of military personnel and their effectiveness in carrying out duties, impacting both their own health and that of others. Hence, precise screening and identification of diagnostic factors are crucial for implementing appropriate treatment measures, particularly among military personnel.
Materials and Methods: In the present non-systematic review study, after identifying keywords equivalent to psychological disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, and chronic stress in MeSH among military personnel between 2000 and 2024, articles related to biomarkers involved in the target psychological disorders and their corresponding drug combinations were searched in Scopus, PubMed, Embase, ISI, and Google Scholar databases. Finally, the obtained data were collected and interpreted.
Findings: The data indicated the presence of 56 cognitive biomarkers linked to the aforementioned disorders. These biomarkers encompass a range of indicators such as those associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, steroid hormones, metabolic hormones, immune system, proteomics factors, inflammation factors, serotonin receptors, growth factors, autonomic nervous system, endocrine system, and antioxidants. These biomarkers are the focus of various clinical studies as potential functional biological targets for pharmaceutical compound development.
Conclusion: Psychological disorders can have profound implications on the well-being of military personnel and their effectiveness in carrying out duties, impacting both their own health and that of others. Hence, precise screening and identification of diagnostic factors are crucial for implementing appropriate treatment measures, particularly among military personnel.
Article Type: Analytic Review |
Subject:
Police Health
Received: 2024/05/18 | Accepted: 2024/07/19 | Published: 2024/07/24
Received: 2024/05/18 | Accepted: 2024/07/19 | Published: 2024/07/24
References
1. McDaniel JT, Hascup ER, Hascup KN, Trivedi M, Henson H, Rados R, et al. Psychological resilience and cognitive function among older military veterans. Gerontol Geriatr Med. 2022;8:1-6. [DOI:10.1177/23337214221081363] [PMID] []
2. Verdeli H, Baily C, Vousoura E, Belser A, Singla D, Manos G. The case for treating depression in military spouses. J Fam Psychol. 2011;25(4):488. [DOI:10.1037/a0024525] [PMID] []
3. Finnegan A, Randles R. Prevalence of common mental health disorders in military veterans: using primary healthcare data. BMJ Mil Health. 2023;169(6):523-8. [DOI:10.1136/bmjmilitary-2021-002045] [PMID] []
4. Perini G, Ramusino MC, Sinforiani E, Bernini S, Petrachi R, Costa A. Cognitive impairment in depression: recent advances and novel treatments. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2019;15:1249.
https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S199746 [DOI:10.2147/NDT.S199746 https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S199746] [PMID] []
5. Ávila-Villanueva M, Gómez-Ramírez J, Maestú F, Venero C, Ávila J, Fernández-Blázquez MA. The role of chronic stress as a trigger for the Alzheimer disease continuum. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020;12:561504. [DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2020.561504] [PMID] []
6. Ghaffarzadegan N, Larson RC. Postraumatic stress disorder: Five vicious cycles that inhibit effective treatment. 2015; 8-13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26606403/
7. Ghaffarzadegan N, Ebrahimvandi A, Jalali MS. A dynamic model of post-traumatic stress disorder for military personnel and veterans. PLoS One. 2016;11(10). [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0161405] [PMID] []
8. Goodarzi MA, Sanatnama M. The role of memory in posttraumatic stress disorder: A review of memory impairments and memory-based theories. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi J.2023;11(12):37-52. https://frooyesh.ir/article-1-3566-en.pdf
9. Brownlow JA, Klingaman EA, Boland EM, Brewster GS, Gehrman PR. Psychiatric disorders moderate the relationship between insomnia and cognitive problems in military soldiers. J Affect Disord. 2017;221:25-30. [DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2017.06.023] [PMID]
10. Foster SN, Brock MS, Hansen S, Collen JF, Walter R, O'Connor P, et al. Sleep disorders related to deployment in active duty service members and veterans. Curr Pulmonol Rep. 2016;5(2):101-10. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13665-016-0147-7 [DOI:10.1007/s13665-016-0147-7]
11. Lopresti ML, Anderson JA, Saboe KN, McGurk DL, Balkin TJ, Sipos ML. The impact of insufficient sleep on combat mission performance. Mil Behav Health. 2016;4(4):356-63. [DOI:10.1080/21635781.2016.1181585]
12. Michopoulos V, Norrholm SD, Jovanovic T. Diagnostic biomarkers for posttraumatic stress disorder: Promising horizons from translational neuroscience research. Biol Psychiatry. 2015;78(5):344-53. [DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.01.005] [PMID] []
13. Lehrner A, Yehuda R. Biomarkers of PTSD: military applications and considerations. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2014;14(5). [DOI:10.3402/ejpt.v5.23797]
14. Cain CK, Maynard GD, Kehne JH. Targeting memory processes with drugs to prevent or cure PTSD. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2012;21(9):1323-50. [DOI:10.1517/13543784.2012.704020] [PMID] []
15. Jumaili W Al, Trivedi C, Chao T, Kubosumi A, Jain S. The safety and efficacy of ketamine NMDA receptor blocker as a therapeutic intervention for PTSD review of a randomized clinical trial. Behav Brain Res. 2022; 29;424. [DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113804] [PMID]
16. Elam HB, Perez SM, Donegan JJ, Lodge DJ. Orexin receptor antagonists reverse aberrant dopamine neuron activity and related behaviors in a rodent model of stress-induced psychosis. Transl Psychiatry. 2021;11(1):1-11. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-021-01235-8 [DOI:10.1038/s41398-021-01235-8] [PMID] []
17. Khalid S, Mitchell S, Al-Mateen C. Comparison of alpha-2 agonist versus alpha-1 antagonist for post-traumatic stress disorder-associated nightmares in pediatric patients. Ment Health Clin. 2024;14(3):199-203. [DOI:10.9740/mhc.2024.06.199] [PMID] []
18. Liu Q, He H, Yang J, Feng X, Zhao F, Lyu J. Changes in the global burden of depression from 1990 to 2017: Findings from the global burden of disease study. J Psychiatr Res. 2020;1;126:134-40. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.08.002] [PMID]
19. Curley LE, Lin JC, Chen TF. Major depressive disorder. Encyclopedia of pharmacy practice and clinical pharmacy: Volumes 1-3. 2023;10;1-3. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Muhammad-Atif-28/publication/334373177_Management_of_Rheumatoid_Arthritis_and_the_Pharmacist's_Role/links/5eba8e86a6fdcc1f1dd31ea0/Management-of-Rheumatoid-Arthritis-and-the-Pharmacists-Role.pdf
20. Marx W, Penninx BWJH, Solmi M, Furukawa TA, Firth J, Carvalho AF, et al. Major depressive disorder. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2023; 24;9(1):1-21. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41572-023-00454-1 [DOI:10.1038/s41572-023-00454-1] [PMID]
21. Enns MW, Mota N, Afifi TO, Bolton SL, Richardson JD, Patten SB, et al. Course and predictors of major depressive disorder in the Canadian Armed Forces members and veterans mental health follow-up survey. Can J Psychiatry. 2021;66(11):971-81. [DOI:10.1177/0706743720984677] [PMID] []
22. Erickson J, Kinley DJ, Bolton JM, Zamorski MA, Enns MW, Sareen J. A sex-specific comparison of major depressive disorder symptomatology in the Canadian Forces and the general population. Can J Psychiatry. 2014;59(7):393. [DOI:10.1177/070674371405900707] [PMID] []
23. McIntyre RS, Cha DS, Soczynska JK, Woldeyohannes HO, Gallaugher LA, Kudlow P, et al. Cognitive deficits and functional outcomes in major depressive disorder: determinants, substrates, and treatment interventions. Depress Anxiety. 2013;30(6):515-27. [DOI:10.1002/da.22063] [PMID]
24. Lam RW, Kennedy SH, McIntyre RS, Khullar A. Cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder: effects on psychosocial functioning and implications for treatment. Can J Psychiatry. 2014;59(12):649-54. [DOI:10.1177/070674371405901206] [PMID] []
25. Rimti FH, Shahbaz R, Bhatt K, Xiang A. A review of new insights into existing major depressive disorder biomarkers. Heliyon. 2023;9(8). [DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18909] [PMID] []
26. Dunlop BW, Mayberg HS. Neuroimaging-based biomarkers for treatment selection in major depressive disorder. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2014;16(4):479-90.
https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2014.16.4/bdunlop [DOI:10.31887/dcns.2014.16.4/bdunlop] [PMID] []
27. Clark-Raymond A, Halaris A. VEGF and depression: a comprehensive assessment of clinical data. J Psychiatr Res. 2013;47(8):1080-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.04.008] [PMID]
28. Jiang C, Lin WJ, Sadahiro M, Labonté B, Menard C, Pfau ML, et al. VGF function in depression and antidepressant efficacy. Mol Psychiatry. 2018;23(7):1632-42. [DOI:10.1038/mp.2017.233] [PMID] []
29. Mason BL, Minhajuddin A, Czysz AH, Jha MK, Gadad BS, Mayes TL, et al. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is increased in MDD and interacts with body mass index (BMI) to affect depression trajectory. Transl Psychiatry. 2022;12(1). [DOI:10.1038/s41398-021-01679-y] [PMID] []
30. Perna G, Spiti A, Torti T, Daccò S, Caldirola D. Biomarker-Guided tailored therapy in major depression. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1456:379-400. [DOI:10.1007/978-981-97-4402-2_19] [PMID]
31. Luo X, Zhu D, Li J, Ren M, Liu Y, Si T, et al. Selection of the optimal dose of sertraline for depression: A dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychiatry Res. 2023;1;327:115391. [DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115391] [PMID]
32. Carboni L, McCarthy DJ, Delafont B, Filosi M, Ivanchenko E, Ratti E, et al. Biomarkers for response in major depression: comparing paroxetine and venlafaxine from two randomised placebo-controlled clinical studies. Transl Psychiatry. 2019;9(1):1-12. [DOI:10.1038/s41398-019-0521-7] [PMID] []
33. Davis MT, DellaGiogia N, Maruff P, Pietrzak RH, Esterlis I. Acute cognitive effects of single-dose intravenous ketamine in major depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder. Transl Psychiatry. 2021;11(1):1-10. [DOI:10.1038/s41398-021-01327-5] [PMID] []
34. Connolly KR, Thase ME. Emerging drugs for major depressive disorder. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2012;17(1):105-26. [DOI:10.1517/14728214.2012.660146] [PMID]
35. Li W, Sun H, Chen H, Yang X, Xiao L, Liu R, et al. Major depressive disorder and kappa opioid receptor antagonists. Transl Perioper Pain Med. 2016;1(2):4. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4871611/
36. Knezevic E, Nenic K, Milanovic V, Knezevic NN. The role of cortisol in chronic stress, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychological disorders. Cells. 2023;12(23). [DOI:10.3390/cells12232726] [PMID] []
37. Azad-Marzabadi E., Salimi S. H. Study on Job Stress in a Military Unit. J Mil Med. 2022;6(4):279-84. https://militarymedj.bmsu.ac.ir/article_1000051.html?lang=en
38. Galvez-Sánchez CM, Reyes del Paso GA, Duschek S. Cognitive impairments in Fibromyalgia syndrome: Associations with positive and negative affect, alexithymia, pain catastrophizing and self-esteem. Front Psychol. 2018. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00377] [PMID] []
39. Luthra NS, Clow A, Corcos DM. The interrelated multifactorial actions of cortisol and klotho: Potential implications in the pathogenesis of parkinson's disease. Brain Sci. 2022;12(12):1695. [DOI:10.3390/brainsci12121695] [PMID] []
40. Menard C, Pfau ML, Hodes GE, Kana V, Wang VX, Bouchard S, et al. Social stress induces neurovascular pathology promoting depression. Nat Neurosci. 2017;20(12):1752-60. [DOI:10.1038/s41593-017-0010-3] [PMID] []
41. Conrad CD. The handbook of stress: Neuropsychological effects on the brain. The handbook of stress: Neuropsychological effects on the brain. 2011;14. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118083222 [DOI:10.1002/9781118083222]
42. Juster RP, McEwen BS, Lupien SJ. Allostatic load biomarkers of chronic stress and impact on health and cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010;1;35(1):2-16. [DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.10.002] [PMID]
43. Noushad S, Ahmed S, Ansari B, Mustafa UH, Saleem Y, Hazrat H. Physiological biomarkers of chronic stress: A systematic review. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2021;15(5):46. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34548863/
44. Dallé E, Daniels WMU, Mabandla M V. Long-term treatment with fluvoxamine decreases nonmotor symptoms and dopamine depletion in a postnatal stress rat model of Parkinson's disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020. [DOI:10.1155/2020/1941480] [PMID] []
45. Dutton M, Can AT, Lagopoulos J, Hermens DF. Stress, mental disorder and ketamine as a novel, rapid acting treatment. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2022;65:15-29. [DOI:10.1155/2020/1941480] [PMID] []
46. Trofimiuk E, Braszko JJ. Single dose of H3 receptor antagonist--ciproxifan--abolishes negative effects of chronic stress on cognitive processes in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2014;231(1):209-19. [DOI:10.1007/s00213-013-3227-1] [PMID]
47. Griebel G, Simiand J, Serradeil-Le Gal C, Wagnon J, Pascal M, Scatton B, et al. Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of the non-peptide vasopressin V1b receptor antagonist, SSR149415, suggest an innovative approach for the treatment of stress-related disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99(9):6370. [DOI:10.1073/pnas.092012099] [PMID] []
48. Dong H, Keegan JM, Hong E, Gallardo C, Montalvo-Ortiz J, Wang B, et al. Corticotrophin releasing factor receptor 1antagonists prevent chronic stress-induced behavioral changes and synapse loss in aged rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2018;90:92. [DOI:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.02.013] [PMID] []
49. Ibarguen-Vargas Y, Leman S, Palme R, Belzung C, Surget A. CRF-R1 Antagonist Treatment Exacerbates Circadian Corticosterone Secretion under Chronic Stress, but Preserves HPA Feedback Sensitivity. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(12). [DOI:10.3390/pharmaceutics13122114] [PMID] []
50. von Muecke-Heim IA, Ries C, Urbina L, Deussing JM. P2X7R antagonists in chronic stress-based depression models: a review. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2021;271(7):1343-58. [DOI:10.1007/s00406-021-01306-3] [PMID] []
51. Czeh B, Simon M, Van Der Hart MGC, Schmelting B, Hesselink MB, Fuchs E. Chronic stress decreases the number of parvalbumin-Immunoreactive interneurons in the Hippocampus: Prevention by treatment with a substance P receptor (NK1) antagonist. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005 30:1. [DOI:10.1038/sj.npp.1300581] [PMID]
52. Rahnejat A, Bahamin G, Sajadian R, Donyavi V. Epidemiological study of psychological disorders in one of the ground units military forces of Islamic Republic of Iran. J Mil Psychol. 2011;2(6):27-36. file:///C:/Users/1/Desktop/Downloads/4002313900603%20(1).pdf
53. Li W, Cheng P, Liu Z, Ma C, Liu B, Zheng W, et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic events in China: a nationally representative cross-sectional epidemiological study. Psychiatry Res. 2023;1;326:115-282. [DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115282] [PMID]
54. Koopowitz SM, Maré KT, Zar HJ, Stein DJ, Ipser JC. The neurocognitive profile of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and PTSD with comorbid MDD. Brain Behav. 2021;1;11(4). [DOI:10.1002/brb3.1950] [PMID] []
55. Ahmed RM, Paterson RW, Warren JD, Zetterberg H, O'Brien JT, Fox NC, et al. Biomarkers in dementia: clinical utility and new directions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014;85(12):1426-34. [DOI:10.1136/jnnp-2014-307662] [PMID] []
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |