نشریه علمی پژوهشی طب انتظامی Journal of Police Medicine
Volume 12, Issue 1 (2023)
J Police Med 2023, 12(1) |
Back to browse issues page
Ethics code: IR.IAU.SARI.REC.1401.188
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Rasulzadeh Nemini S, sadeghi J. The mediating role of emotional expressiveness in the relationship between Hexaco personality traits with internet betrayal in students. J Police Med 2023; 12 (1) : e7
URL: http://jpmed.ir/article-1-1152-en.html
URL: http://jpmed.ir/article-1-1152-en.html
1- Department of Psychology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
2- Department of Psychology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran ,tah647@gmail.com
2- Department of Psychology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran ,
English Extended Abstract: (1863 Views)
Aims: According to the cognitive-behavioral approaches in family-related issues, personality and emotional factors play a significant role in the type of tendency of couples to infidelity. This research was conducted to investigate the mediating role of emotional expressivity in the relationship between HEXACO personality traits and internet infidelity in college students.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive research is a correlational type based on structural modeling. The statistical population of this research was all 324 married female students in the nursing faculty of Babol University in the academic year of 2021-2022. Two hundred and fifty samples were selected via simple random method. Internet Infidelity Questionnaire (IIQ), HEXACO Personality Traits Questionnaire (HEXACO), and King and Emmons Emotional Expressivity Questionnaire (EEQ) were used to collect data. To analyze the results, the Pearson correlation method and structural equations were used with SPSS 18 and AMOS 23 software.
Findings: In the study of demographic information, 148 female nursing students were 19-20 years old, and 102 were 21-22 years old in this method in some proposed countries. In terms of employment, 187 people were employed, and 63 were unemployed. Also, 127 students were employed in the 2nd to fifth semesters and 123 in the 6th to eighth academic semesters. The average sales of Internet Infidelity were 93.62±9.43, HEXACO personality traits 57.97±6.77, and emotional expressiveness 34.68±6.56 (Table 1). The results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were higher than the 0.05 level in HEXACO's personality traits, emotional expressiveness, and Internet infidelity, so the normality of the data was confirmed. The results of the correlation matrix between the variables showed a significant correlation between the variables of HEXACO's personality traits and emotional expressiveness with Internet infidelity (Table 2). Specifically, there is a significant negative correlation between honesty-humility (-0.24), emotionality (-0.22), extroversion (-0.20), agreeableness (-0.25), conscientiousness (-0.23), openness to experience (-0.27) and an overall score of HEXACO personality traits (-0.33) were associated with Internet Infidelity. It showed a negative correlation between positive emotion expression (-0.25), intimacy and substance (-0.22), negative emotion expression (-0.20), and emotional expressiveness (-0.29) with Internet infidelity which was significant at the 0.01 level. The value of RMSEA was equal to 0.037, so this value was less than 0.1, which indicated the appropriateness of the mean squared errors of the model, and the model was acceptable. Also, the chi-square value for the degree of freedom was between 1 and 3 (2.445), and the amount of GFI, CFI, and NFI index was almost equal and more than 0.9 (0.999) showing that the model for measuring the research variables was suitable. All paths of HEXACO personality traits and emotional expressivity significantly explained 0.119 and 0.093 of the common variance of Internet infidelity (Table 3). The indirect path of HEXACO's personality traits on Internet infidelity was observed through the mediation of emotional expressiveness. In general, the path could separately predict 0.39 of the Internet infidelity variable; these variables could explain 39 percent of this endogenous variable, and 61 percent of the Internet infidelity variable was explained by other variables outside the research (Table 4). In examining the direct and indirect effects of HEXACO's personality traits and emotional expressiveness on Internet infidelity, the research model was confirmed with a total effect coefficient of -0.46 (Chart 1).
Conclusion: Emotional expressivity can be a negative and significant mediator in the relationship between HEXACO personality traits and internet infidelity in college students.
Clinical & Practical Tips in POLICE MEDICINE: According to the results of the present research on the mediating role of emotional expression in the relationship between HEXACO's personality traits and Internet infidelity, these findings can be used to reduce social harm in the family by using new methods of controlling and monitoring social networks and the cyberspace in cyber and prevention police. Also, action should be taken to develop therapeutic approaches and psychological interventions in the counseling centers of the police command for the health of families.
Acknowledgments: The authors thank all the students participating in the research. This article results from the master's thesis of the first author in psychology.
Conflict of Interest: The article's authors stated that this study has no conflict of interest.
Authors' Contribution: First author, conception and study design, data collection, data analysis; second author, study design, data analysis; all the authors participated in the initial writing of the article and its revision, and all accept the responsibility for the accuracy and correctness of the contents of this article with the final approval of this article.
Financial Sources: This research had no financial support.
Table 3) Direct estimation of the model by maximum likelihood estimation
Table 4) Indirect estimation of the model using the bootstrap method
Figure 1) The final tested model along with standardized prediction statistics
Materials and Methods: This descriptive research is a correlational type based on structural modeling. The statistical population of this research was all 324 married female students in the nursing faculty of Babol University in the academic year of 2021-2022. Two hundred and fifty samples were selected via simple random method. Internet Infidelity Questionnaire (IIQ), HEXACO Personality Traits Questionnaire (HEXACO), and King and Emmons Emotional Expressivity Questionnaire (EEQ) were used to collect data. To analyze the results, the Pearson correlation method and structural equations were used with SPSS 18 and AMOS 23 software.
Findings: In the study of demographic information, 148 female nursing students were 19-20 years old, and 102 were 21-22 years old in this method in some proposed countries. In terms of employment, 187 people were employed, and 63 were unemployed. Also, 127 students were employed in the 2nd to fifth semesters and 123 in the 6th to eighth academic semesters. The average sales of Internet Infidelity were 93.62±9.43, HEXACO personality traits 57.97±6.77, and emotional expressiveness 34.68±6.56 (Table 1). The results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were higher than the 0.05 level in HEXACO's personality traits, emotional expressiveness, and Internet infidelity, so the normality of the data was confirmed. The results of the correlation matrix between the variables showed a significant correlation between the variables of HEXACO's personality traits and emotional expressiveness with Internet infidelity (Table 2). Specifically, there is a significant negative correlation between honesty-humility (-0.24), emotionality (-0.22), extroversion (-0.20), agreeableness (-0.25), conscientiousness (-0.23), openness to experience (-0.27) and an overall score of HEXACO personality traits (-0.33) were associated with Internet Infidelity. It showed a negative correlation between positive emotion expression (-0.25), intimacy and substance (-0.22), negative emotion expression (-0.20), and emotional expressiveness (-0.29) with Internet infidelity which was significant at the 0.01 level. The value of RMSEA was equal to 0.037, so this value was less than 0.1, which indicated the appropriateness of the mean squared errors of the model, and the model was acceptable. Also, the chi-square value for the degree of freedom was between 1 and 3 (2.445), and the amount of GFI, CFI, and NFI index was almost equal and more than 0.9 (0.999) showing that the model for measuring the research variables was suitable. All paths of HEXACO personality traits and emotional expressivity significantly explained 0.119 and 0.093 of the common variance of Internet infidelity (Table 3). The indirect path of HEXACO's personality traits on Internet infidelity was observed through the mediation of emotional expressiveness. In general, the path could separately predict 0.39 of the Internet infidelity variable; these variables could explain 39 percent of this endogenous variable, and 61 percent of the Internet infidelity variable was explained by other variables outside the research (Table 4). In examining the direct and indirect effects of HEXACO's personality traits and emotional expressiveness on Internet infidelity, the research model was confirmed with a total effect coefficient of -0.46 (Chart 1).
Conclusion: Emotional expressivity can be a negative and significant mediator in the relationship between HEXACO personality traits and internet infidelity in college students.
Clinical & Practical Tips in POLICE MEDICINE: According to the results of the present research on the mediating role of emotional expression in the relationship between HEXACO's personality traits and Internet infidelity, these findings can be used to reduce social harm in the family by using new methods of controlling and monitoring social networks and the cyberspace in cyber and prevention police. Also, action should be taken to develop therapeutic approaches and psychological interventions in the counseling centers of the police command for the health of families.
Acknowledgments: The authors thank all the students participating in the research. This article results from the master's thesis of the first author in psychology.
Conflict of Interest: The article's authors stated that this study has no conflict of interest.
Authors' Contribution: First author, conception and study design, data collection, data analysis; second author, study design, data analysis; all the authors participated in the initial writing of the article and its revision, and all accept the responsibility for the accuracy and correctness of the contents of this article with the final approval of this article.
Financial Sources: This research had no financial support.
Table 1) Descriptive statistics of Hexaco's personality traits,
emotional expressiveness and Internet betrayal
emotional expressiveness and Internet betrayal
| Variable | M±SD |
| Friendly Activities | 40.54±6.08 |
| Emotional Activities | 3/19±11/23 |
| Sexual Activities | 29.97±4.77 |
| Internet Betrayal | 93.62±9.43 |
| Honesty-Humility | 9.54±1.65 |
| Excitability | 8.38±1.19 |
| Extroversion | 10.51±1.87 |
| Pleasant | 9.77±1.26 |
| Dutifulness | 8/49±1/08 |
| Openness to Experience | 11.28±1.53 |
| Hexaco's Personality Traits | 57.97±6.77 |
| Expressing Positive Emotion | 14.54±2.29 |
| Intimacy | 10.27±2.33 |
| Expressing Negative Emotions | 9.87±2.10 |
| Emotional Expression | 34.68±6.56 |
Table 2) Matrix of Pearson correlation coefficients between Hexaco's personality traits and emotional expressiveness with Internet betrayal
| Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| honesty-humility | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| emotionality | **0.58 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| extroversion | **0.65 | **0.58 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| agreeableness | **0.60 | **0.61 | **0.59 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | |||||||||||||
| conscientiousness | **0.72 | **0.52 | **0.70 | **0.66 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Openness to experience | **0.69 | **0.64 | **0.60 | **0.72 | **00.58. | 1 | - | - | -- |
| - | - | -- | - | |||||||||||
| Hexaco's personality traits | **0.81 | **0.73 | **0.79 | **0.84 | **0.70 | **0.84 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Expressing positive emotion | **0.20 | **0.24 | **0.18 | *0.12 | **0.18 | **0.20 | **0.29 | 1 | - | - | - | -- | - | - |
| Intimacy | **0.24 | **0.21 | **0.19 | **0.18 | **0.21 | **0.21 | **0.28 | **0.78 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Expressing negative emotions | **0.24 | **0.22 | **0.22 | *0.13 | **0.19 | **0.19 | **0.26 | **0.66 | **0.73 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| emotional expression | **0.28 | **0.27 | **0.28 | **0.18 | **0.22 | **0.28 | **0.31 | **0.81 | **0.79 | **0.80 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Friendly activities | **-0.21 | **-0.20 | **-0.17 | **-0.23 | **-0.18 | **-0.25 | **-0.30 | **-0.22 | **-0.20 | *-0.15 | **-0.24 | 1 | - | - |
| Emotional activities | **-0.19 | *-0.15 | **-0.19 | **-0.18 | **-0.20 | **-0.24 | **-0.26 | **-0.19 | **-0.16 | **-0.17 | **-0.22 | **0.69 | 1 | - |
| sexual activities | **-0.20 | **-0.19 | **-0.21 | **-0.22 | **-0.20 | **-0.21 | **-0.29 | **-0.20 | **-0.17 | *-0.14 | **-0.26 | **0.70 | **0.66 | 1 |
| Internet betrayal | **-0.24 | **-0.22 | **-0.20 | **-0.25 | **-0.23 | **-0.27 | **-0.33 | **-0.25 | **-0.22 | **-0.20 | **-0.29 | **0.78 | **0.71 | **0.79 |
**Significant at the 0.01 level; *Significant at the 0.05 level
Table 3) Direct estimation of the model by maximum likelihood estimation
| Variable | B unstandardized coefficient | Standard coefficient β | R2 | t | p |
| Hexaco's personality traits on Internet Betrayal | -0.387 | 0/309 | 0.119 | 657/3 | 0.001 |
| Emotional expression on Internet betrayal | -0.351 | -0.265 | 0.093 | 221/3 | 0.001 |
Table 4) Indirect estimation of the model using the bootstrap method
| Variable | B unstandardized coefficient | β is the standard coefficient | R2 | lower limit | high limit | p |
| Hexaco personality traits on Internet betrayal through the mediation of the role of emotional expressiveness | -0.579 | 0.462 | 0.391 | -0.587 | 0/410 | 0.001 |
Figure 1) The final tested model along with standardized prediction statistics
Article number: e7
Article Type: Original Research |
Subject:
Police Related Psychology
Received: 2022/11/26 | Accepted: 2023/01/29 | Published: 2023/03/14
Received: 2022/11/26 | Accepted: 2023/01/29 | Published: 2023/03/14
References
1. Vossler A. Internet infidelity 10 years on: A critical review of the literature. Fam J. 2016;24(4):359-66. [DOI:10.1177/1066480716663191]
2. Octaviana BN, Abraham J. Tolerance for emotional internet infidelity and its correlate with relationship flourishing. Int J Electr Comput Eng. 2018;8(5):3158-68. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3227221 [DOI:10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp3158-3168]
3. Filimon D, Huza G, Turliuc MN. Self-internet infidelity and partner internet infidelity. The only Romanian psychological instruments assessing the online extradyadic behavior. Open J Soc Sci. 2021;9(8):120-40. DOI: 10.4236/jss.2021.98010 [DOI:10.4236/jss.2021.98010]
4. Sahni SP, Jain G. An overview: Internet infidelity. Springer. Singapore. 2018:1-2. [DOI:10.1007/978-981-10-5412-9_1] [PMCID]
5. Roman D. Justifications of internet infidelity in Romanian women with extra-Dyadic affairs: A qualitative study proposal. New trend psychol. 2020;2(1), 56-76. https://dj.univ-danubius.ro/index.php/NTP/article/view/157
6. Chohaney ML, Panozzo KA. Infidelity and the internet: the geography of Ashley Madison usership in the United States. Geogr Rev. 2018;108(1):69-91. [DOI:10.1111/gere.12225]
7. Soutter AR, Bates TC, Mõttus R. Big Five and HEXACO personality traits, proenvironmental attitudes, and behaviors: A meta-analysis. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2020;15(4):913-41. [DOI:10.1177/1745691620903019] [PMID] [PMCID]
8. Morelli M, Chirumbolo A, Bianchi D, Baiocco R, Cattelino E, Laghi F et al. The role of HEXACO personality traits in different kinds of sexting: A cross-cultural study in 10 countries. Comput Human Behav. 2020;113: 106502. [DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106502]
9. Kandler C, Richter J, Zapko-Willmes A. The nature and nurture of HEXACO personality trait differences: Zeitschrift für Psychologie. 2019;227(3):195. [DOI:10.1027/2151-2604/a000378]
10. De Vries RE, Van Gelder JL. Tales of two self-control scales: Relations with Five-Factor and HEXACO traits. Personal Individ Differ. 2013;54(6):756-60. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.023]
11. Međedović J. The profile of a criminal offender depicted by HEXACO personality traits. Personal Individ Differ. 2017;107:159-63. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.015]
12. Breevaart K, de Vries RE. Supervisor's HEXACO personality traits and subordinate perceptions of abusive supervision. Leadersh Quart. 2017;28(5):691-700. [DOI:10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.02.001]
13. Castillo FD. Perceptions on love of the young people: An assessment based on the love attitude scale. Assess Learn. 2016. 339-360p. Springer, Singapore. [DOI:10.1007/978-981-10-0908-2_28]
14. Khayat E, Attari Y, Koraei A. Predict the tendency toward infidelity based on personality traits and attachment styles in married people. Quart Soc Psychol Res. 2018;8(31):87-102. http://www.socialpsychology.ir/article_87488.html
15. Karimi S, Yusefi R, Soleymani M. The role of personality traits in Prediction components marital infidelity. Clin Psychol Personal. 2020;15(2):97-109. [Persian]. [DOI:10.22070/CPAP.2020.2820]
16. Costa Jr PT, McCrae RR. Personality: Another hidden factor is stress research. Psychol Inq. 1990;1(1):22-4. [DOI:10.1207/s15327965pli0101_5]
17. Grant JE, Chamberlain SR. Obsessive compulsive personality traits: Understanding the chain of pathogenesis from health to disease. J Psychiatric Res. 2019;116:69-73. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.06.003] [PMID] [PMCID]
18. Khatib H, Nazer M, Nematallahzade Mahani K., Sadr Mohammadi R. Relationship between personality traits with job satisfaction and happiness among employees Vali-e-Asr university of Rafsanjan. Organ Culture Manag. 2016;14(4):1161-1180. [Persian] [DOI:10.22059/jomc.2016.60495]
19. Rezaee Z, Yousefi F. Relationship between personality traits and school well-being: The mediating roles of positive and negative affects. Psychol Method Model. 2019;9(34):131-58. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22285516.1397.9.34.8.4
20. Bendixen M, Kennair LE, Grøntvedt TV. Forgiving the unforgivable: Couples' forgiveness and expected forgiveness of emotional and sexual infidelity from an error management theory perspective. Evol Behav Sci. 2018;12(4):322-35. [DOI:10.1037/ebs0000110]
21. Yedirir S, Hamarta E. Emotional expression and spousal support as predictors of marital satisfaction: The case of turkey. Edu Sci. 2015;15(6):1549-58. [DOI:10.12738/estp.2015.6.2822]
22. Vahdani M, Khezri M, Mahmoudpour A, Farahbakhsh K. Predicting marital burnout based on emotional expression, distress tolerance and communication patterns. Rooyesh 2020;9(10):47-58. [Persian] http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.2383353.1399.9.10.9.0
23. Choi KJ, Kangas M. Impact of maternal betrayal trauma on parent and child well-being: Attachment style and emotion regulation as moderators. Psychol Trauma. 2020;12(2):121. [DOI:10.1037/tra0000492] [PMID]
24. Prakash S. Emotional lability as a symptom of extra-axial posterior fossa tumours: a case-control review of neuroanatomy and patient-reported quality of life. (Doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia).2020.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1702405 [DOI:10.14288/1.0390670]
25. Shirazi R, Bakhtiari Erksi H, Alizadeh Zakaria Ramin. Comparison of differentiation and emotional expression in unfaithful and normal spouses, the 6th Congress of the Iranian Psychological Association. Tehran. 2016. [Persian] https://civilica.com/doc/732459/
26. Darba M, Shahmoradi S. The relationship between assertiveness and emotional expressiveness and marital satisfaction with the mediation of quality of life in female athletes and non-athletes. Soc Psychol Studies Women. 2019;18(3):75-106. [Persian] [DOI:10.22051/jwsps.2021.33325.2306]
27. Ibrahim JN, Fares C, Bader R. Relationship between emotional expressions and lifestyle changes among university students during COVID-19 lockdown in Lebanon. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2022;16(07):1148-58. [DOI:10.3855/jidc.16081] [PMID]
28. Tsai W, Lu Q. Perceived social support mediates the longitudinal relations between ambivalence over emotional expression and quality of life among Chinese American breast cancer survivors. Int J Behav Med. 2018;25(3):368-73. [DOI:10.1007/s12529-017-9705-9] [PMID]
29. Behdost P, Porshehariari M, Hoseinian S. A comparison of communication patterns, emotional expression styles, and intimacy among betrayed and normal women. Quart J Women Soc. 2021;12(45): 1-14. [Persian]. [DOI:10.30495/jzvj.2021.4560]
30. Bilal A, Naqvi G, Mehmood I. Impact of Dark Triad personality traits on attitude towards infidelity among married individuals in Punjab. Pak J Appl Psychol (PJAP). 2021;1(1):32-9. [DOI:10.52461/pjap.v1i1.821]
31. Buduris AK. Attachment style and emotion dysregulation as serial mediators of betrayal trauma experiences and level of satisfaction in romantic relationships (Doctoral dissertation, Iowa State University).2020. [DOI:10.31274/etd-20200902-19]
32. Alge SB. Lithuanians' attitudes toward internet infidelity and its correlates [Dissertation]. Denton, Texas: Texas Woman's University. 2009:16-79. https://hdl.handle.net/11274/10600
33. Abdi M, Khoshkanesh A, PooraBrahim, T, Mohammadi R. Investigating the attachment style and marital satisfaction of married people involved in online cheating. Psychol Studies. 2011;8(3), 135-58. [Persian] [DOI:10.22051/psy.2012.1726]
34. Basharpoor S, taherifard M, mohamadi G. Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of Brief HEXACO Inventory in University Students. Quart Edu Measur. 2019;9(36):65-89. [Persian] [DOI:10.22054/jem.2017.4956.1158]
35. King LA, Emmons RA. Conflict over emotional expression: psychological and physical correlates. J Personal Soc Psychol. 1990;58(5):864. [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.58.5.864] [PMID]
36. Tabatabayi M, Memarian S, Ghiathi M, Attari A. Emotion Expression Styles and Meta Cognitive Beliefs in Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder. RBS. 2013;11 (5):342-51. [Persian] http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.17352029.1392.11.5.3.2
37. Preacher K. J, Hayes A. F.Assessing mediation in communication research. The Sage sourcebook of advanced data analysis methods for communication research. London (2008). 13-54p. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452272054 [DOI:10.4135/9781452272054]
38. Saadatazhar H, Sobhi Gharamaleki N, Zargham hajebi M. Resilience model based on personality traits by the mediating role of perceived stress in the military. J Police Med 2022;11(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.30505/11.1.1
39. Behar M. Personality and sexual predictors of infidelity in marital relationships (Doctoral dissertation, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology).2018. https://www.proquest.com/openview/0a1c54b9573ba15a7f854caef4c2a5e9/1?pqorigsite=gscholar&cbl=18750
40. Jia TL, Ing HK, Lee MC. A review of personality factors on relationship infidelity. Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia. 2016;30(1):78-85. https://spaj.ukm.my/ppppm/jpm/article/view/187
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |