Journal of Police Medicine

fa مدل تاب‌آوری بر اساس صفات شخصیتی با میانجی‌گری استرس ادراک‌شده در افراد نظامی Resilience Model Based on Personality Traits by the Mediating Role of Perceived Stress in the Military روان‌شناسی انتظامی Police Related Psychology پژوهشی اصيل Original Research اهداف: تاب‌آوری نشان‌دهنده مشخصه‌ای در فرد است که سبب می‌شود علی‌رغم وجود مشکلات و محدودیت‌ها به شکوفایی برسد و نه تنها در برابر موانع سرخم نکند؛ بلکه به خوبی از پس آنها برآید. هدف این مطالعه تبیین مدل تاب‌آوری بر اساس صفات شخصیتی با واسطه‌گری استرس ادراک‌شده بود. مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش از نوع همبستگی در قالب الگوسازی معادلات ساختاری است. جامعه آماری مورد مطالعه، تمامی کارکنان یک مجموعه نظامی بود که در سال 1398 در شهر تهران در حال خدمت بودند. نمونه‌ها به روش خوشه‌ای تصادفی چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای به‌کار برده شده برای سنجش متغیرهای پژوهش عبارت بودند از: مقیاس تاب‌آوریConnor  و Davidson، پرسش‌نامه 240سئوالی نئو و پرسش‌نامه استرس ادراک شده. با کسب مجوزهای لازم از مرکز نظامی مورد مطالعه و مبادی امنیتی، اقدامات اولیه برای نمونه‌گیری انجام شد. از میان این واحد نظامی یک گروه به صورت یک خوشه انتخاب و تعداد 367 نفر از آنان مورد آزمون قرار گرفتند. داده‌ها به روش تحلیل مسیر و مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری به کمک نرم‌افزار LISREL 8.5 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها: از میان پرسش‌نامه‌های توزیع‌شده 324 پرسش‌نامه قابل ارزیابی و نمره‌گذاری بود. مقیاس تاب‌آوری نمونه‌ها 15/7±57/1 به‌دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که صفات شخصیتی بر تاب‌آوری اثر ساختاری مستقیم و از طریق استرس ادراک‌شده، اثر ساختاری غیرمستقیم داشت. برخی از صفات شخصیتی تبیین‌کننده تاب‌آوری بودند و استرس ادراک‌شده نقش واسطه‌ای در تبیین تاب‌آوری بر اساس ویژگی‌های شخصیتی داشت. از بین 30 صفت شخصیتی در این پژوهش، 14 صفت تبیین‌کننده مدل تاب‌آوری بر اساس صفات شخصیتی بود. نتیجه‌گیری: مؤلفه‌های ویژگی‌های شخصیتی بر اساس مدل تبیین‌شده، قادر است تغییرات متغیر تاب‌آوری را به‌طور مستقیم و از طریق متغیر استرس ادراک‌شده، به طور غیرمستقیم پیش‌بینی نماید. Introduction  ... [1]. Block describes resilience as the ability to adapt the control level to environmental conditions [2]. Connor has defined resilience as a procedure to estimate a person's ability to cope with stressors and factors that threaten a person's mental health [3]. … [4, 5]. The role of personality traits is one of the issues in the field of resilience [6]. As a result, people respond differently to stress because their individual personality traits encourage different coping strategies. ... [7]. Studies that have examined the relationship between the five major personality factors and resilience are among the studies that have examined the role of personality traits in resilience. These studies are consistent with each other in several results. First, resilience has a significant negative relationship with neuroticism [8], In addition, most of these studies have shown that resilience has a significant positive relationship with extraversion [9]. ... [10]. The research of Joseph and Heyse points out that the strongest predictors of happiness, life satisfaction and mental well-being, among personality traits, are extraversion and conscientiousness which create a personality compatible with high mental well-being in work and social status and various environmental situations [11]. In the study of Sa'adat with the title of "The Relationship between Personality Traits and Resilience", the results indicated a significant negative relationship between neurosis and resilience and a significant positive relationship between extraversion, flexibility and responsibility with resilience, and there was no significant relationship between agreeableness and resilience. Aim(s) The aim of this study was to develop a resilience model based on personality traits mediated by perceived stress in military personnel in Tehran, Iran. (Figure 1). Research Type This research is a correlational type in the form of structural equation modeling. Research Society, Place and Time The population of the study was all employees of a military unit who were serving in Tehran, Iran in 2019. Sampling Method and Number The sample size was 367 people based on Morgan table who were selected by random cluster sampling. Used Devices & Materials … [12-15]. The Connor and Davidson Resilience, NEO Personality Inventory and Perceived Stress questionnaires were used to collect data. A study on the psychometric properties of the resilience scale in the general population and patients showed that the instrument has internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent and divergent validity. Mohammadi has standardized this scale for use in Iran. This reliability was obtained by measuring the internal consistency of Cronbach's alpha as 0.89. [2]. Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the Neo Personality Traits Questionnaire in Haghshenas research have been reported as C = 0.83, A = 0.71, O = 0.57, E = 0.71 and N=0.81. [16]. The internal consistency reliability coefficients of the perceived Stress scale were also obtained through Cronbach's alpha in the range of 0.84 to 0.86 [16]. Ethical Permissions The objectives of the research and the work process were clarified for the participants in order to maintain the ethical standards in the research. Statistical Analysis Structural equation modeling was used to determine the fitness of the model and to estimate direct and indirect structural effect coefficients. Data were also analyzed using Lisrel 8.5 software. Finding by Text In the present study, all the participants were male. 324 questionnaires were well-completed to be evaluated. 46% (152 people) of the participants had high school diploma, 15.92% (50 people) with associate degree, 32.7% (106 people) had a bachelor's degree and 4.9% (16 people) had a master's degree or higher. Also, 29% were single (94 people) and 71% were married. In addition, 49.7% of the participants served as day shift and 50.3% as shifts of 24 hours a day. The resilience scale of the samples was 57.1±15.7. Table 1 shows the indicators related to descriptive statistics for the study sample, including the mean of the variables of the study. The fit indices of the initial model were evaluated. For fit indices, several sections have been proposed by experts, for example, a value equal to or less than 0.05 for the root of variance of the approximation error, a value equal to or greater than 0.96 with a comparative fit index, equal to or less than 0.07 for the standard root that is the residual variance that indicates the adequate fitness of the model. On the other hand, it has been suggested that if the comparative fit indices, goodness of fit and adjusted goodness of fit are greater than 0.90 and the root mean variance of the approximation error and the root of variance of the residual is less than 0.05, the fit is highly desirable and less than 0.1. Indicates a good fit. No parameter in the measurement models had a sign contrary to the theory (Table 2) and all three methods had a good fit. Some indicators indicated improper fit and in the models the measurement of some parameters was not significant. In the structural relationships of variables, non-significant indicators were removed. After modifying these indicators, the data with the new model had a good fit (Table 2). Finally, out of 30 personality traits in this study, 14 traits explained the resilience model based on personality traits (Figure 2). No parameter in the measurement models had a sign contrary to the theory (Table 2) and all three methods had a good fit. Some indicators indicated improper fit and in the models the measurement of some parameters was not significant. In the structural relationships of variables, non-significant indicators were removed. After modifying these indicators, the data with the new model had a good fit (Table 2). Finally, out of 30 personality traits in this study, 14 traits explained the resilience model based on personality traits (Figure 2). Main Comparison to the Similar Studies [17-23] Sa'adat in examining the relationship between personality traits and resilience has reported a significant negative relationship between neurosis and resilience and a significant positive relationship between extraversion, flexibility and responsibility with resilience and no significant relationship between agreeableness and resilience. Moharramzadeh et al. also studied the relationship between employees' personality traits and burnout in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The results show that people with higher levels of neuroticism and lower levels of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness are more prone to burnout [2]. Examining the path of personality traits to perceived stress showed that personality traits had a direct structural effect on perceived stress. This finding is consistent with the results of Mirhaghi and Sarabian's research on the significant relationship between personality traits and perceived stress. These researchers point out that there is a significant positive relationship between some personality traits (neurosis) and perceived stress and a significant negative relationship between some personality traits (extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness) and perceived stress. Consistent with this finding, we can refer to Ahmadi's research on the prediction of stress and burnout based on the personality traits of nurses. Findings show that neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion and flexibility predict job stress and burnout in nurses. Also in the research of Mir Hassani et al. regarding the mediating role of personality traits in relation to perceived stress and anxiety and depression and physical symptoms, the research findings indicate the relationship between perceived stress and neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness. In explaining this finding, it could be argued that according to the present exploratory model and the structural effect on perceived stress, these traits can be considered as predictors of perceived stress [13]. Examining the path of perceived stress to resilience showed that perceived stress had a direct structural effect on resilience. This finding is consistent with the results of Hosseini and Salimi's research. Pourafzal et al. also reported a significant negative relationship between resilience and perceived stress. Suggestions It is suggested that people with high resilience be selected as employees so that less personal and organizational harms occur and organizational productivity and dynamism increase, and to prevent the loss of manpower and financial capital. Limitations Conducting research in a specific group and not having female samples were of the limitations of this study. Conclusions Based on the explained model, the personality traits components are able to directly predict the changes of the resilience variable and indirectly through the perceived stress variable. According to the findings of this study, 14 out of 30 personality traits form the resilient model. Clinical & Practical Tips in Police Medicine Due to the need for resilient people in stressful jobs such as military occupations, this model can be used in recruiting and locating employees to prevent problems and issues related to employees such as mental disorders and occupational problems and harms and organizational challenges such as work productivity and human resource waste. Acknowledgments This article is taken from the doctoral dissertation approved in the spring of 2018 by the Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran. We thank all the participants of the present study and those who helped us in this research. Conflict of Interest  The authors state that there is no conflict of interest in the present study. Funding Sources The present study had no financial support. Table 1) Descriptive statistics of personality traits components <div align="center" dir="ltr"> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">Components</td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">Mean</td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">Standard Deviation</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Anxiety</td> <td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">13.3</td> <td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">4.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Associable</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">19.6</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">4.1</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Imagination</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">14.7</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">3.6</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Trust</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">19.1</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">4.0</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Competence</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">19.6</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">4.0</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Hostility</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">12.6</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">4.0</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Sociable</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">17.8</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">4.0</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Aesthetics</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">17.6</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">3.6</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Candor</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">19.3</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">4.1</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Arrangement</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">17.4</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">3.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Depression</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">14.2</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">4.2</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Self-expression</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">16.6</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">3.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Emotion</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">16.8</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">3.2</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Altruism</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">19.7</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">4.3</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Dutiful</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">21.3</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">4.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Shyness</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">16.1</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">3.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Activeness</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">16.9</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">3.2</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Action</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">15.5</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">3.1</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Sodality</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">17.1</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">3.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Try to success</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">20.0</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">4.1</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Quickness</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">14.0</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">3.6</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Exciting</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">16.8</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">3.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Ideas</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">18.0</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">3.6</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Humility</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">15.5</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">3.3</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Continence</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">18.6</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">3.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Vulnerability</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">11.5</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">4.1</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Positive excitement</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">18.4</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">4.0</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Values</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">15.7</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">3.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Compassionate</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">19.3</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">4.2</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Cautious in making decision</td> <td style="width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">19.8</td> <td style="width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">4.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 181px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">Perceptual stress scale</td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 39px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">31.5</td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 132px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">23.1</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <img alt="" src="./files/site1/images/image-20220827105958-1.png" style="width: 680px; height: 789px;" > Figure 1) Conceptual model of research based on adjective theory <img alt="" src="./files/site1/images/image-20220827105958-2.png" style="width: 680px; height: 585px;" > Figure 2) The final model of resilience based on personality traits mediated by perceptual stress (standard values) Table 2) Fitness indices of the initial and final model (n=324)</div> <div align="center" dir="ltr"> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; height: 24px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">Model</td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 61px; padding: 0cm 2px; height: 24px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">X ²*</td> <td style="border-bottom: none; width: 37px; padding: 0cm 2px; height: 24px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">X ²*</td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 47px; padding: 0cm 2px; height: 24px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">CFI</td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 47px; padding: 0cm 2px; height: 24px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">IFI</td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 47px; padding: 0cm 2px; height: 24px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">NFI</td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 65px; padding: 0cm 2px; height: 24px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">RMSEA</td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 101px; padding: 0cm 2px; height: 24px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">RMSEA CI 90%</td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 48px; padding: 0cm 2px; height: 24px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">RMR</td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 47px; padding: 0cm 2px; height: 24px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">GFI</td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 49px; padding: 0cm 2px; height: 24px; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">AGFI</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 37px; padding: 0cm 2px; height: 14px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">DF</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">Primary</td> <td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 61px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">6700.968</td> <td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 37px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">4.46</td> <td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 47px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">0.846</td> <td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 47px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">0.846</td> <td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 47px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">0.836</td> <td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 65px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">0.124</td> <td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 101px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">0.122; 0.127</td> <td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 48px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">2.571</td> <td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 47px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">0.665</td> <td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 49px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;">0.642</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">Final</td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 61px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">280/857</td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 37px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">2.41</td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 47px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">0/972</td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 47px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">0/972</td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 47px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">0/953</td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 65px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">0/0661</td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 101px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">0/0563; 0/0760</td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 48px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">1/905</td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 47px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">0/902</td> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; width: 49px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;">0/886</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> تاب‌آوری,استرس ادراک‌شده,روان‌نژندی,برون‌گرایی, Personality traits,Resilience,perceived stress,Neuroticism,Extraversion, 1 11 http://jpmed.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-377-5&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Hamidreza Saadatazhar حمید رضا سعادت اظهر saadatazhar@yahoo.com 100319475328460014000 100319475328460014000 No Department of Psychology, Human Sciences Faculty, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد قم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قم، ایران Naser Sobhi Gharamaleki ناصر صبحی قراملکی AIDSOBHI@YAHOO.COM 100319475328460014001 100319475328460014001 Yes Department of Motor Behavior & Sport Psychology, Physical Education & Sport Sciences Faculty, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran گروه رفتار حرکتی و روان‌شناسی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی وعلوم ورزشی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران Majid Zargham hajebi مجید ضرغام حاجبی zarghamhajebi@gmail.com 100319475328460014002 100319475328460014002 No Department of Psychology, Human Sciences Faculty, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد قم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قم، ایران