Journal of Police Medicine
نشریه طب انتظامی
J Police Med
Medical Sciences
http://jpmed.ir
1
admin
2228-6241
2383-3483
10.30505
en
jalali
1401
2
1
gregorian
2022
5
1
11
1
online
1
fulltext
fa
مقایسه فرسودگی شغلی و شادکامی در کارکنان نوبتکار و اداری فرماندهی انتظامی جمهوری اسلامی ایران (فراجا) شهر اهواز
Comparison of Job Burnout and Happiness in Shift Workers and Office Workers of the Police Headquarter of the Islamic Republic of Iran (FARAJA) in Ahvaz, Iran
روانشناسی انتظامی
Police Related Psychology
پژوهشی اصيل
Original Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:IRANyekan;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">اهداف</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">:</span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">نوبتکاری با ایجاد اخلال در چرخه خواب و بیداری، پیامدهای فیزیولوژیکی و به دنبال آن پیامدهای روانشناختی را برای افراد به همراه دارد. این موضوع همچنین میتواند کارکرد سازمان مربوطه را نیز مختل کند. با توجه به وظیفه خطیر فرماندهی انتظامی جمهوری اسلامی ایران، هدف پژوهش حاضر مقایسه فرسودگی شغلی و شادکامی و زیر مقیاسهای آنها در کارکنان نوبتکار و اداری<i> </i>این فرماندهی در شهر اهواز بود.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">مواد و </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">روشها:</span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">این پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی از نوع علی مقایسهای است<b>. </b>جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر را تمامی کارکنان نوبت کاری و اداری فراجا شهر اهواز در سال 1398 تشکیل داده بودند که از نظر وضعیت اجتماعی، اقتصادی، جنسیت و دیگر عوامل تأثیرگذار همسان بودند. 50 نفر از کارکنان نوبتکاری و 50 نفر از کارکنان اداری به روش تصادفی خوشهای انتخاب شدند.<b> </b>سپس آزمودنیها پرسشنامههای فرسودگی شغلی مسلچ (1981) و شادکامی آکسفورد (1989) را پاسخ دادند و دادهها با آزمون تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیری (مانوا) با استفاده از نرمافزار </span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black">SPSS 21</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black"> تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black"></span></span></i></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">یافتهها: </span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">در این پژوهش 100 نفر در دامنه سنی 45-21 سال و با میانگین سنی 5/46±29/77 سال شرکت کردند. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که بین دو گروه نوبتکار و کارکنان اداری از نظر فرسودگی شغلی و دو مؤلفۀ آن یعنی خستگی هیجانی (7/14=</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black">F</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">؛ 0/009=</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black">p</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">) و مسخ شخصیت (7/33=</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black">F</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">؛ 0/008=</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black">p</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">) تفاوت معناداری وجود داشت، اما در مؤلفه کاهش احساس کفایت فردی (2/08=</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black">F</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">؛ 0/152=</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black">p</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">) تفاوت </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">معناداری</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black"> دیده نشد. همچنین نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که بین دو گروه نوبتکار و کارکنان اداری از نظر شادکامی و چهار مؤلفۀ آن یعنی رضایت از زندگی (6/97=</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black">F</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">؛ 0/010=</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black">p</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">)، خلق مثبت (8/31=</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black">F</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">؛ 0/005=</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black">p</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">)، سلامتی (6/23=</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black">F</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">؛ 0/014=</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black">p</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">) و کارآمدی (7/96=</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black">F</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">؛ 0/006=</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black">p</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">) تفاوت معناداری وجود داشت، اما در مؤلفه عزتنفس (1/71=</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black">F</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">؛ 0/193=</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black">p</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">) تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد.</span></span><br>
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">نتیجهگیری:</span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">میزان فرسودگی شغلی و شادکامی در کارکنان نوبت کار نسبت به کارکنان اداری به ترتیب بیشتر و کمتر است.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="display: none;"> </span><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="color:#0e101a">INTRODUCTION</span></b><span style="color:#0e101a"></span><br>
<span style="color:#0e101a">... [1, 2]. Job burnout is the final consequence of stress and psychological pressure caused by work, which involves personal, professional, and organizational relationships [3]. Happiness at work is a path in which people grow, flourish, and also overcome their negative emotions [4]. ... [5]. Burnout and lack of happiness lead to employee satisfaction, delays, absenteeism, and leaving the organization, which in addition to many costs, also affects the morale of other employees. Reduction in the quality of work life of employees, reduction in citizenship behavior, and lack of sense of organizational belonging among employees are the most important individual consequences of burnout [6]. ... [7, 8]. Shift work and night work cause disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle, which brings physiological and psychological consequences for shift workers [9-11]. ... [12-15]. <i>Mousavian Asl</i> et al., in their research conducted on 180 shift-working nurses, reported that these people scored higher in job burnout components, especially emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization [16]. <i>Wisetborisut</i> et al., in a study conducted on 2772 healthcare workers, reported that burnout was higher in shift workers than in non-shift workers [17]. <i>Peterson</i> et al., in a study of 3140 North American police officers, reported that irregular work schedules, long shifts of more than 11 hours, shift work, and sleepiness was associated with greater burnout [18]. ... [19, 20]. <i>Vakili</i> et al., in a study they conducted on 210 nurses in Yazd hospitals, reported that one of the factors associated with lower happiness in these people is shift work and night work [21]. <i>Khosrojerdi</i> et al., in a study conducted on 422 nurses to determine the predictors of happiness, reported that shift work can be associated with less happiness [22]. Also, <i>Kaliterna</i> et al., in a study they conducted on 1210 workers with different working hours, reported that the level of happiness in shift workers is lower than other workers [23].</span><br>
<b><span style="color:#0e101a">AIM(s)</span></b><span style="color:#0e101a"></span><br>
<span style="color:#0e101a">This study aimed to compare burnout and happiness and their components in police shifts and office workers in Ahvaz, Iran.</span><br>
<b><span style="color:#0e101a">RESEARCH TYPE</span></b><span style="color:#0e101a"></span><br>
<span style="color:#0e101a">This descriptive-analytical research is a comparative causal study. </span><br>
<b><span style="color:#0e101a">RESEARCH SOCIETY, PLACE & TIME</span></b><span style="color:#0e101a"></span><br>
<span style="color:#0e101a">The statistical population of the present study included all the shift and office workers of Ahvaz Police in Iran in 2019.</span><br>
<b><span style="color:#0e101a">SAMPLING METHOD & NUMBER</span></b><span style="color:#0e101a"></span><br>
<span style="color:#0e101a">Based on Morgan's table, 50 shift workers and 50 office workers were selected by random cluster sampling.</span><br>
<b><span style="color:#0e101a">USED DEVICES & MATERIALS</span></b><span style="color:#0e101a"></span><br>
<span style="color:#0e101a">Subjects were asked to answer <i>Maslach </i>Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Oxford Happiness (OHI) questionnaires. The burnout questionnaire has 22 items that measure emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal inadequacy. The lowest score a person can get on this questionnaire is 22, and the highest score is 132, and higher scores indicate more problems [6]. For the first time in Iran, the validity and reliability of the<i> Maslach </i>Burnout Inventory questionnaire were confirmed by <i>Filian</i>, who reported the reliability coefficient with the test-retest method of α = 0.78 [24]. In the present study, Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the burnout questionnaire was obtained at 0.70. <i>Badri Gargari</i> has also calculated the concurrent validity between <i>Perry</i> <i>Fieldort's</i> burnout questionnaire and job satisfaction in the research, and the inverse relationship has been obtained [24]. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire contains 29 items that measure the five components of life satisfaction, positive mood, health, efficiency, and self-esteem. The highest score that the subject can get on this questionnaire is 87, and the lowest score is zero. People who get low scores have low happiness, and people who get high scores on tests have high happiness. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of this test was 0.93 [25]. In this research, Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the happiness questionnaire, which was obtained as 0.95 for the entire questionnaire. To check the face validity of the questionnaire in their research, <i>Alipour</i> and <i>Noorbala</i> asked ten experts, all of whom confirmed the ability to measure happiness by this test [25]. </span><br>
<b><span style="color:#0e101a">METHOD</span></b><span style="color:#0e101a"></span><br>
<span style="color:#0e101a">After coordinating with Ahvaz Police officials, the research questionnaires were distributed among office and shift workers, and those willing to participate in the research completed and submitted the questionnaires.</span><br>
<b><span style="color:#0e101a">ETHICAL PERMISSION</span></b><span style="color:#0e101a"></span><br>
<span style="color:#0e101a">Written and informed consent was obtained from the subjects, who were assured that the information would remain confidential.</span><br>
<b><span style="color:#0e101a">STATISTICAL ANALYSIS</span></b><span style="color:#0e101a"></span><br>
<span style="color:#0e101a">Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using SPSS 21 software.</span><br>
<b><span style="color:#0e101a">FINDING BY TEXT</span></b><span style="color:#0e101a"></span><br>
<span style="color:#0e101a">One hundred people (50 shift workers and 50 office workers) aged 21-45 years old with an average age of 29.77±5.46 years participated in this study. The frequencies of variables based on demographic characteristics are given in Table 1. The descriptive findings of this research, including the statistical indicators of average, standard deviation, and the number of sample subjects for all the studied variables, are presented in Table 2. In order to analyze the data related to the difference between the two groups of shift workers and office workers in the components of burnout and happiness, the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used. Before performing the analysis, the most important default of multivariate analysis of variance, i.e., the sameness of the error variance and the homogeneity of the variance-covariance matrices, were measured with Leven's and box's M tests, respectively. Leven's test showed that the default of the same error variance was met in both burnout (F=1.133 and p=0.296) and happiness (F=1.743 and p=0.357). The box's M test results showed that the variance-covariance matrix's default homogeneity was met for the components of burnout (box's M =6.895 and p=0.348) and happiness (box's M =6.438 and p=0.115). <i>Wilks's lambda</i> test was used to determine the significance of the difference between the two groups in burnout and happiness variables. The results are recorded in Table 3. There was a significant difference in the linear combination of burnout and happiness component scores in office and shift workers shown in Table 3 (p=0.025 and F=3.26). Multivariate analysis of variance was used to investigate the difference between the two groups in the components of burnout and happiness. Table 4 shows that there was a significant difference between shift workers and office workers in terms of burnout and emotional exhaustion (p=0.009 and F=7.14) and depersonalization (p=0.008 and F=7.33), but no significant difference was observed in reducing the feeling of individual success (p=0.152 and F=0.208). It was also observed that there was a significant difference between shift workers and office workers in terms of happiness in life satisfaction (p=0.010 and F=6.97), positive mood (p=0.005 and F=8.31), health (0.014 and F=6.23) and efficiency (p=0.006 and F=7.96), but no significant difference was observed in the field of self-esteem (p=0.193 and F=1.71).</span><br>
<b><span style="color:#0e101a">MAIN COMPARISON to the SIMILAR STUDIES</span></b><span style="color:#0e101a"></span><br>
<span style="color:#0e101a">The present study showed that the shift workers group obtained more burnout scores than the office workers group. Although there is not much research in this field, this research was consistent with the findings of <i>Mousavian Asl</i> et al. [16], <i>Wisetborisut</i> et al. [17], and <i>Peterson</i> et al. [18]. Based on this finding, shift workers consider the volume and difficulty of work more and more significant because shift workers find themselves ready to perform multiple and difficult missions, especially during hours of the day and night when even office workers may be less present and they deal with the possible risks of various missions and dealing with criminals. This is despite the fact that although these people expect things such as being appreciated, increasing welfare facilities in the workplace, increasing wages and bonuses, as well as promotions, in reality, they are not provided with such things, or it is much less than what they expect. Based on the Maslach model, many factors play a role in burnout. Among these factors are inappropriate rewards, long working hours, lack of feeling of social support and organizational justice, etc. Since these cases are felt more in shift workers, higher burnout can be observed among them. The significant difference between the two components of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization can cause burnout in shift workers. However, the lack of significant difference in the field of personal inadequacy may be because both groups of office workers and shift workers, despite work problems, consider themselves to have potential abilities and talents that can flourish. However, they consider organizational factors as one of the important reasons for the lack of flourishing of their talents. Also, the results of the present study showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups of shift workers and office workers in terms of happiness (components of life satisfaction, positive mood, health, and efficiency); in such a way that the group of shift workers obtained lower grades in terms of happiness than the group of office workers. Although there are few studies in this field, this research was consistent with the findings of <i>Vakili</i> [21], <i>Khosrojerdi</i> et al. [22], and <i>Kaliterna</i> et al. [23]. It can be said that mainly among the employees of this organization, there is an idea that shift work, for example, night work, requires more physical energy and reduces the efficiency of the person, and issues such as lack of sleep or insomnia may cause occupational stress and threaten the health of shift workers. This causes these people to consider themselves entitled to more salaries and benefits than office workers. However, this difference is not considered in their salaries, job promotion, and bonuses. Among the components of happiness, only self-esteem has yet to be approved. It seems that according to the significance of other components and the total score of the happiness variable, this lack of significant difference is because the employees, both shift workers and office workers, in order to maintain their social status, have tried not to declare the items that indicate high self-esteem to a high level in order to emphasize their civility and positive and simple relationships without pride in dealing with others such as citizens. On the other hand, in the explanation of both mentioned findings, it can be said that many psychological structures are related to sleep problems, such as insomnia or lack of sleep [26,27], and burnout and happiness are not excluded from this issue, and can be affected by these problems. [28-30]; Therefore, since shift work can cause many sleep problems in people, it can increase burnout and decrease happiness.</span><br>
<b><span style="color:#0e101a">SUGGESTIONS</span></b><span style="color:#0e101a"></span><br>
<span style="color:#0e101a">The sample size should be increased in future research to increase the results' generalization power. This research should also be carried out in other cities and communities to obtain more general results.</span><br>
<b><span style="color:#0e101a">LIMITATIONS</span></b><span style="color:#0e101a"></span><br>
<span style="color:#0e101a">The results obtained from the current research were related to the police shift workers and office workers in Ahvaz city in Iran. Therefore, caution should be taken in generalizing the results to other organizations regarding work environment or other individual and organizational characteristics, which may differ from these people.</span><br>
<b><span style="color:#0e101a">CONCLUSIONS</span></b><span style="color:#0e101a"></span><br>
<span style="color:#0e101a">Burnout and happiness are reported more and less in shift workers than in office workers. Considering this result and the important role of these variables in mental health, the necessary preventive and therapeutic psychological interventions in this field and the provision of more welfare services for shift workers must be done by the relevant authorities.</span><br>
<b><span style="color:#0e101a">CLINICAL & PRACTICAL TIPS in POLICE MEDICINE</span></b><span style="color:#0e101a"></span><br>
<span style="color:#0e101a">Mental health experts can use the results of this research to identify occupational and psychological injuries caused by shift work and improve the efficiency of shift workers of the police of the Islamic Republic of Iran.</span><br>
<b><span style="color:#0e101a">ACKNOWLEDGMENTS</span></b><span style="color:#0e101a"></span><br>
<span style="color:#0e101a">The researchers thank all those who helped in the implementation of this research.</span><br>
<b><span style="color:#0e101a">CONFLICT of INTEREST</span></b><span style="color:#0e101a"></span><br>
<span style="color:#0e101a">The authors state that the present study has no conflict of interest<b>.</b></span><br>
<b><span style="color:#0e101a">FUNDING SOURCES</span></b><span style="color:#0e101a"></span><br>
<span style="color:#0e101a">This research did not have any financial support.</span><br>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="color:black">Table 1)</span></b><span style="color:black"> frequency of demographic variables </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<table align="center" class="PlainTable21" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">Variable</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">work shift</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">Official</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="color:black">Number</span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">50</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">50</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="color:black">(M±SD) age</span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">5.43</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">±</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">30.24</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">5.51</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">±</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">29.30</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: none; padding: 0cm 2px; height: 9px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="color:black">Gender</span> </b></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; height: 9px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">female</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; height: 9px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">12</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; height: 9px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">female</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; height: 9px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">15</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; height: 9px; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">male</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; height: 9px; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">38</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; height: 9px; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">male</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; height: 9px; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">35</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="color:black">Number</span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">5.58</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">±</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">10.02</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="text-align: center;"></div>
<table align="center" class="PlainTable21" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="text-align: center;"></div>
<table align="center" class="PlainTable21" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">5.67</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">±</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">8.72</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span><br>
<span style="line-height:107%"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span><br>
<span style="line-height:107%"><b><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="color:black">Table 2)</span></span></b><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="color:black"> Average scores of job burnout and happiness components by groups</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<table align="center" class="PlainTable22" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); width: 258px; padding: 0cm 2px; height: 37px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">Variable</span></span></b></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; height: 37px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">Group</span></span></b></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; height: 37px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">M±SD</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 258px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Burnout in the emotional exhaustion</span></b></span></span><br>
<span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><b><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="color:black">shift workers</span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">8.89</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">±</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">40.62</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="color:black">office workers</span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">10.14</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">±</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">35.52</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: none; width: 258px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Burnout in the personality disorder</span></b></span></span><br>
<span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><b><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="color:black">shift workers</span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">4.44</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">±</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">21.96</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="color:black">office workers</span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">6.00</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">±</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">19.10</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: none; width: 258px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Burnout in the context of reducing the feeling of personal success</span></b></span></span><br>
<span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><b><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="color:black">shift workers</span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">8.20</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">±</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">33.56</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="color:black">office workers</span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">7.72</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">±</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">35.86</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: none; width: 258px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Happiness in the life satisfaction</span></b></span></span><br>
<span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><b><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="color:black">shift workers</span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">8.35</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">±</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">39.56</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="color:black">office workers</span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">7.69</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">±</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">43.80</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: none; width: 258px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Happiness in the positive mood</span></b></span></span><br>
<span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><b><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="color:black">shift workers</span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">5.89</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">±</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">25.00</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="color:black">office workers</span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">5.97</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">±</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">28.42</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: none; width: 258px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Happiness in the health</span></b></span></span><br>
<span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><b><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="color:black">shift workers</span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">4.08</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">±</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">19.34</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="color:black">office workers</span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">4.55</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">±</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">21.50</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: none; width: 258px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Happiness in the efficiency</span></b></span></span><br>
<span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><b><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="color:black">shift workers</span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">3.11</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">±</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">11.56</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="color:black">office workers</span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">3.04</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">±</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">13.30</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); width: 258px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Happiness in the self-esteem</span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="color:black">shift workers</span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">2.11</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">±</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">9.78</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="color:black">office workers</span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;">10.38+2.45</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="text-align: center;"></div>
<table align="center" class="PlainTable22" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><br>
<span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span dir="RTL" lang="FA"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span><br>
<span style="line-height:107%"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span><br>
<span style="line-height:107%"><b><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="color:black">Table 3)</span></span></b><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="color:black"> Results of Wilks's Lambda test in multivariate<br>
variance analysis of job burnout and happiness components</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<table align="center" class="PlainTable211" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); width: 76px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Test name</span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">amount</span></span></b></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><b><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); width: 71px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">df<b> </b>hypothesis</span></span></b></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><b><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); width: 47px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">df<b> </b>error</span></span></b></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><b><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); width: 28px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">F</span></span></b></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><b><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); width: 38px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">p</span></span></b></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><b><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); width: 76px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Wilks's lambda test</span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">0.907</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); width: 71px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">2</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); width: 47px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">96</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); width: 28px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">3.26</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); width: 38px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;">0.025</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="text-align: center;"></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><br>
<span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span><br>
<span style="line-height:107%"><b><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="color:black">Table 4)</span></span></b><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="color:black"> The results of multivariate variance analysis on the average scores<br>
of job burnout and happiness components of shift workers and office workers</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<table align="center" class="PlainTable212" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); width: 128px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Variables</span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">Total square</span></span></b></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); width: 66px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="page-break-after:avoid"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">Degrees of freedom</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="page-break-after:avoid"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">mean square</span></span></b></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">F</span></span></b></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">p</span></span></b></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 128px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">emotional exhaustion</span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">650.25</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 66px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="page-break-after:avoid"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="page-break-after:avoid"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">650.25</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">7.14</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">0.009</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 128px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Disfigurement</span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">204.49</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 66px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="page-break-after:avoid"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="page-break-after:avoid"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">204.49</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">7.33</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">0.008</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 128px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Decreased sense of personal sufficiency</span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">132.25</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 66px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="page-break-after:avoid"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="page-break-after:avoid"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">132.25</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">2.08</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">0.152</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 128px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Happiness in life satisfaction</span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">449.44</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 66px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">1</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">449.44</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">6.97</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">0.010</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 128px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Happiness in a positive mood</span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">292.41</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 66px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">1</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">292.41</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">8.31</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">0.005</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 128px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Happiness in health</span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">116.64</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 66px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">1</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">116.64</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">6.23</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">0.014</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 128px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Happiness in efficiency</span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">75.49</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 66px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">1</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">75.49</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">7.96</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; padding: 0cm 2px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">0.006</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
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<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); width: 128px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Happiness in self-esteem</span></b></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">9.00</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); width: 66px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">1</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); width: 54px; padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">9.00</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">1.71</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="font-family:"IRANSharp_PrintingSize","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(127, 127, 127); padding: 0cm 2px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12px;">0.193</span></td>
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<span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td>
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<span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span><br>
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فرسودگی شغلی,شادکامی,نوبتکاری,پلیس,
Burnout,Happiness,Shift Work,Shift Work,
1
9
http://jpmed.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1235-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Najmeh
Hamid
نجمه
حمید
n.hamid@scu.ac.ir
Yes
Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Educational Science & Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
Saleh
Motahari rad
صالح
مطهری راد
saleh.mtahari.rad@gmail.com
No
Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Educational Science & Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
Sayed Ali
Marashi
سید علی
مرعشی
sayedalimarashi@scu.ac.ir
No
Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Educational Science & Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
Mojtaba
Ahmadi Farsani
مجتبی
احمدی فارسانی
mojtaba.farsani94@gmail.com
No
Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Educational Science & Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران